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Chapter 22: Problem 76

Complete the following reactions. $$ \begin{array}{l}{\text { a. } \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H}+\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH} \rightarrow} \\ {\text { b. } \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{HCOOH} \rightarrow}\end{array} $$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The short answer to the given reactions is: a. CH3CO2H + CH3OH → CH3CO2CH3 + H2O b. CH3CH2CH2OH + HCOOH → HCOO(CH2)3CH3 + H2O

Step by step solution

01

Identify the esterification process in reaction a.

In an esterification reaction, the carboxylic acid (CH3CO2H) reacts with an alcohol (CH3OH) to form an ester and water as a by-product. The hydroxyl group (-OH) from the acid and hydrogen (H) from the alcohol combine to form water (H2O), while the remaining parts combine to form the ester.
02

Complete reaction a.

Considering the esterification process described in Step 1, we have: CH3CO2H + CH3OH → CH3CO2CH3 + H2O The ester formed in this reaction is called methyl acetate (CH3CO2CH3).
03

Identify the esterification process in reaction b.

Similar to reaction a, we have a carboxylic acid (HCOOH) reacting with an alcohol (CH3CH2CH2OH). The esterification process involves the formation of water and an ester.
04

Complete reaction b.

Following the esterification process, the completed reaction is: CH3CH2CH2OH + HCOOH → HCOO(CH2)3CH3 + H2O The ester formed in this reaction is called propyl formate (HCOO(CH2)3CH3). The completed reactions are: a. CH3CO2H + CH3OH → CH3CO2CH3 + H2O b. CH3CH2CH2OH + HCOOH → HCOO(CH2)3CH3 + H2O

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Polyesters containing double bonds are often crosslinked by reacting the polymer with styrene. a. Draw the structure of the copolymer of $\mathrm{HO}-\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{OH} \quad\( and \)\quad \mathrm{HO}_{2} \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H}$ b. Draw the structure of the crosslinked polymer (after the polyester has been reacted with styrene).

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) are highly toxic substances that are present in trace amounts as by-products of some chemical manufacturing processes. They have been implicated in a number of environmental incidents—for example, the chemical contamination at Love Canal and the herbicide spraying in Vietnam. The structure of dibenzo-pdioxin, along with the customary numbering convention, is The most toxic PCDD is 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin. Draw the structure of this compound. Also draw the structures of two other isomers containing four chlorine atoms.

Isoprene is the repeating unit in natural rubber. The structure of isoprene is a. Give a systematic name for isoprene. b. When isoprene is polymerized, two polymers of the form are possible. In natural rubber, the cis configuration is found. The polymer with the trans configuration about the double bond is called gutta percha and was once used in the manufacture of golf balls. Draw the structure of natural rubber and gutta percha showing three repeating units and the configuration about the carbon–carbon double bonds.

Ethylene oxide is an important industrial chemical. Although most ethers are unreactive, ethylene oxide is quite reactive. It resembles $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}$ in its reactions in that addition reactions occur across the \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{O}\) bond in ethylene oxide. a. Why is ethylene oxide so reactive? (Hint: Consider the bond angles in ethylene oxide as compared with those predicted by the VSEPR model.) b. Ethylene oxide undergoes addition polymerization, forming a polymer used in many applications requiring a nonionic surfactant. Draw the structure of this polymer.

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