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Chapter 3: Problem 106

Glass is a mixture of several compounds, but a major constituent of most glass is calcium silicate, \(\mathrm{CaSiO}_{3}\) . Glass can be etched by treatment with hydrofluoric acid; HF attacks the calcium silicate of the glass, producing gaseous and water-soluble products (which can be removed by washing the glass). For example, the volumetric glassware in chemistry laboratories is often graduated by using this process. Balance the following equation for the reaction of hydrofluoric acid with calcium silicate. $$ \mathrm{CaSiO}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{HF}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CaF}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{SiF}_{4}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) $$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The balanced equation for the reaction between calcium silicate (CaSiO3) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) to produce calcium fluoride (CaF2), silicon tetrafluoride (SiF4), and water (H2O) is: \( \mathrm{CaSiO}_{3}(s) + 6 \mathrm{HF}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CaF}_{2}(a q) + \mathrm{SiF}_{4}(g) + 3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \)

Step by step solution

01

Count atoms on both sides of the equation.

We need to find out how many atoms of each element, (Ca, Si, O, H, and F) are present on both sides of the equation: Left Side (Reactants): Ca = 1, Si = 1, O = 3, H = 1, F = 1 Right Side (Products): Ca = 1, Si = 1, O = 1, H = 2, F = 6
02

Balance the Oxygen atoms.

We need to balance the oxygen atoms by adjusting the coefficients of the reactants and products. We can see that there are three oxygen atoms on the left side and just one on the right side. To balance the oxygen atoms, we can add a coefficient of 3 in front of the water (H2O) on the right side of the equation: CaSiO3(s) + HF(aq) → CaF2(aq) + SiF4(g) + 3H2O(l) Now let's recount the atoms on both sides: Left Side (Reactants): Ca = 1, Si = 1, O = 3, H = 1, F = 1 Right Side (Products): Ca = 1, Si = 1, O = 3, H = 6, F = 6
03

Balance the Hydrogen and Fluorine atoms.

Now, we need to balance the hydrogen (H) and fluorine (F) atoms, noticing that there are more of them on the right side compared to the left side. To balance H and F atoms, we need to find the smallest integer coefficients for HF on the left side, which makes H and F equal in number on both sides. In this case, the smallest integer is 6: CaSiO3(s) + 6HF(aq) → CaF2(aq) + SiF4(g) + 3H2O(l) Now let's recount the atoms one last time: Left Side (Reactants): Ca = 1, Si = 1, O = 3, H = 6, F = 6 Right Side (Products): Ca = 1, Si = 1, O = 3, H = 6, F = 6
04

Check if the equation is balanced.

Now that every type of atom has an equal number on both sides of the equation, the equation is balanced: \( \mathrm{CaSiO}_{3}(s) + 6 \mathrm{HF}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CaF}_{2}(a q) + \mathrm{SiF}_{4}(g) + 3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \)

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