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Chapter 4: Problem 11

You need to make 150.0 mL of a 0.10-M NaCl solution. You have solid NaCl, and your lab partner has a 2.5-M NaCl solution. Explain how you each make the 0.10-M NaCl solution

Short Answer

Expert verified
To prepare 150.0 mL of 0.10-M NaCl solution using solid NaCl, first calculate the moles of NaCl required: Moles of NaCl = 0.10 M × (150.0 mL × (1 L / 1000 mL)). Then find the mass of solid NaCl needed: Mass of solid NaCl = Moles of NaCl × 58.44 g/mol. Dissolve the calculated mass of solid NaCl in 100 mL of water, then add water until the total volume reaches 150.0 mL. To prepare the 0.10-M NaCl solution using a 2.5-M NaCl solution, use the dilution formula (M1 × V1 = M2 × V2) to determine the volume of the 2.5-M NaCl solution needed: V1 = (M2 × V2) / M1. Measure the calculated volume of the 2.5-M NaCl solution and add water until the total volume reaches 150.0 mL.

Step by step solution

01

Calculate the moles of NaCl required for desired solution

We'll first determine how many moles of NaCl are needed for the desired 0.10-M NaCl solution. Since Molarity (M) = moles of solute/liters of solution, we can rearrange the formula to find the moles of NaCl. Moles of NaCl = Molarity × Volume of Solution (in liters) Moles of NaCl = 0.10 M × (150.0 mL × (1 L / 1000 mL))
02

Calculate mass of solid NaCl needed

Next, we need to convert moles of NaCl to grams. The formula needed is: Mass (g) = moles × molar mass With the molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol, we can find the mass of solid NaCl required as follows: Mass of solid NaCl = Moles of NaCl × 58.44 g/mol
03

Prepare the 0.10-M NaCl solution using solid NaCl and water

To prepare the desired 0.10-M NaCl solution, weigh the calculated mass of solid NaCl and dissolve it in approximately 100 mL of water. Stir well to ensure the solid completely dissolves. Once the NaCl is dissolved, add water until the total volume reaches 150.0 mL. The final concentration of the solute in the resulting solution will be 0.10 M.
04

Calculate volume of the 2.5-M NaCl solution needed

For the second part of the problem, we need to determine the volume of the 2.5-M NaCl solution required for dilution to obtain 0.10 M NaCl concentration. To do this, we will use the dilution formula: M1 × V1 = M2 × V2 Where M1 is the initial molarity, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final molarity, and V2 is the final volume. We need to find V1. Rearrange the formula to calculate V1: V1 = (M2 × V2) / M1
05

Prepare the 0.10-M NaCl solution using the 2.5-M NaCl solution

Using the calculated volume of the 2.5-M NaCl solution, carefully measure this volume using a graduated cylinder or pipette. Add the measured volume to a volumetric flask or beaker and add water until the total volume reaches 150.0 mL. Stir well to ensure thorough mixing. The final concentration of the solute in the resulting solution will be 0.10 M.

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