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Chapter 4: Problem 20

A student wants to prepare 1.00 L of a 1.00-M solution of NaOH (molar mass = 40.00 g/mol). If solid NaOH is available, how would the student prepare this solution? If 2.00 M NaOH is available, how would the student prepare the solution? To help ensure three significant figures in the NaOH molarity, to how many significant figures should the volumes and mass be determined?

Short Answer

Expert verified
To prepare 1.00 L of a 1.00 M NaOH solution, the student needs to: 1. Using solid NaOH: a. Weigh 40.00 g of solid NaOH. b. Dissolve it in less than 1.00 L of distilled water. c. Transfer the solution to a 1.00 L volumetric flask and add distilled water up to the mark. 2. Using 2.00 M NaOH solution: a. Measure 0.500 L of the 2.00 M NaOH solution. b. Transfer to a 1.00 L volumetric flask and add distilled water up to the mark. To maintain 3 significant figures in the NaOH molarity, ensure that mass and volumes are measured with at least 3 significant figures.

Step by step solution

01

Calculate the mass of NaOH required

The student wants to prepare a 1.00 L solution of 1.00 M NaOH. To find out how many grams of NaOH are needed, we use the following formula: Mass = Molarity × Volume × Molar mass where Molarity = 1.00 M, Volume = 1.00 L, and Molar mass of NaOH = 40.00 g/mol. Calculating the mass of NaOH we get: Mass = (1.00 M) × (1.00 L) × (40.00 g/mol) = 40.00 g
02

Preparation of the solution

Weigh 40.00 g of solid NaOH and dissolve it in less than 1.00 L of distilled water. Then pour the solution into a 1.00 L volumetric flask and add distilled water to the mark to make 1.00 L of 1.00 M NaOH solution. **Using 2.00 M NaOH solution:**
03

Calculate the volume of 2.00 M NaOH solution required

To calculate the required volume of the 2.00 M solution, use the following formula: C1 × V1 = C2 × V2 where C1 is the initial concentration (2.00 M), V1 is the volume of the initial solution required, C2 is the final concentration (1.00 M), and V2 is the final volume (1.00 L). Rearranging the formula to solve for V1: V1 = (C2 × V2) / C1 Calculating the volume of the 2.00 M NaOH solution needed, we get: V1 = (1.00 M × 1.00 L) / 2.00 M = 0.500 L
04

Preparation of the solution

Measure 0.500 L of the 2.00 M NaOH solution and pour it into a 1.00 L volumetric flask. Add distilled water to the mark to make 1.00 L of 1.00 M NaOH solution. Lastly, to ensure three significant figures in the NaOH molarity, the volumes and mass should be determined to at least three significant figures as well.

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