You have a gas in a container fitted with a piston and you change one of the conditions of the gas such that a change takes place, as shown below: State three distinct changes you can make to accomplish this, and explain why each would work.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Three distinct changes that can be made are: 1. Changing the Temperature: Increasing or decreasing the temperature of the gas will affect its pressure and volume, according to the ideal gas law (PV=nRT). Hence, higher temperature results in higher pressure and volume, while lower temperature results in lower pressure and volume. 2. Changing the Pressure: Applying or removing external pressure on the piston affects the pressure and volume of the gas inside the container. Additional pressure compresses the gas, while removing pressure allows the gas to expand. 3. Changing the Amount of Gas: Adding or removing gas molecules inside the container will alter the pressure and volume according to the ideal gas law (PV=nRT). Adding gas increases pressure and volume, while removing gas reduces pressure and volume.

Step by step solution

01

1. Changing the Temperature

Increase or decrease the temperature of the gas. According to the ideal gas law (PV=nRT), the relationship between the pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (T) is directly proportional, assuming the number of gas molecules (n) and the ideal gas constant (R) remain constant. If the temperature is increased, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules will also increase, causing them to move faster and collide more forcefully with the walls of the container, resulting in an increase in pressure. Consequently, the piston will be pushed outwards, increasing the volume of the container. Conversely, if the temperature is decreased, the pressure and volume of the container will also decrease.
02

2. Changing the Pressure

Apply or remove external pressure on the piston. By applying additional external pressure to the piston, the gas inside the container will be compressed, causing an increase in pressure (P) and a decrease in volume (V), as seen in the ideal gas law (PV=nRT). If enough pressure is applied, the piston will be pushed into the container, reducing its volume. When the external pressure is removed or reduced, the gas will expand, decreasing the pressure inside the container and causing the piston to move outwards, increasing the volume of the container.
03

3. Changing the Amount of Gas

Add or remove gas molecules inside the container. By adding more gas (increasing the value of n) to the container, the gas pressure inside the container will increase because the total number of collisions of the gas particles with the walls of the container will increase. As a result, the piston will be pushed outwards, increasing the volume of the container, as seen in the ideal gas law (PV=nRT). Conversely, by removing gas molecules from the container, the pressure inside the container will decrease, resulting in a decrease in volume as the piston moves inward.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Suppose two \(200.0-\mathrm{L}\) tanks are to be filled separately with the gases helium and hydrogen. What mass of each gas is needed to produce a pressure of 2.70 atm in its respective tank at \(24^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\)

An important process for the production of acrylonitrile $\left(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{N}\right)$ is given by the following equation: $$2 \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6}(g)+2 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{N}(g)+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)$$ A 150 -L reactor is charged to the following partial pressures at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} :$ $$\begin{aligned} P_{\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H}_{6}} &=0.500 \mathrm{MPa} \\\ P_{\mathrm{NH}_{3}} &=0.800 \mathrm{MPa} \\ P_{\mathrm{O}_{2}} &=1.500 \mathrm{MPa} \end{aligned}$$ What mass of acrylonitrile can be produced from this mixture \(\left(\mathrm{MPa}=10^{6} \mathrm{Pa}\right) ?\)

One way of separating oxygen isotopes is by gaseous diffusion of carbon monoxide. The gaseous diffusion process behaves like an effusion process. Calculate the relative rates of effusion of $^{12} \mathrm{C}^{16} \mathrm{O},^{12} \mathrm{C}^{17} \mathrm{O},\( and \)^{12} \mathrm{C}^{18} \mathrm{O} .$ Name some advantages and disadvantages of separating oxygen isotopes by gaseous diffusion of carbon dioxide instead of carbon monoxide.

Small quantities of hydrogen gas can be prepared in the laboratory by the addition of aqueous hydrochloric acid to metallic zinc. $$\mathrm{Zn}(s)+2 \mathrm{HCl}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{ZnCl}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)$$ Typically, the hydrogen gas is bubbled through water for collection and becomes saturated with water vapor. Suppose 240. mL of hydrogen gas is collected at \(30 .^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and has a total pressure of 1.032 atm by this process. What is the partial pressure of hydrogen gas in the sample? How many grams of zinc must have reacted to produce this quantity of hydrogen? (The vapor pressure of water is 32 torr at \(30 .^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).)

A chemist weighed out 5.14 g of a mixture containing unknown amounts of \(\mathrm{BaO}(s)\) and \(\mathrm{CaO}(s)\) and placed the sample in a \(1.50-\mathrm{L}\) flask containing \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\) at $30.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\( and 750 . torr. After the reaction to form BaCO_ \)_{3}(s)$ and \(\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}(s)\) was completed, the pressure of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\) remaining was 230 . torr. Calculate the mass percentages of \(\mathrm{CaO}(s)\) and \(\mathrm{BaO}(s)\) in the mixture.

See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free