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Chapter 6: Problem 5

Consider the following statements: “Heat is a form of energy, and energy is conserved. The heat lost by a system must be equal to the amount of heat gained by the surroundings. Therefore, heat is conserved.” Indicate everything you think is correct in these statements. Indicate everything you think is incorrect. Correct the incorrect statements and explain

Short Answer

Expert verified
The first two statements - "Heat is a form of energy" and "Energy is conserved" - are correct. The third statement is partially correct. It is true that the heat lost by a system must be equal to the amount of heat gained by its surroundings, but it is incorrect to say that heat is conserved. Instead, the correct conclusion would be that energy is conserved. Heat is not conserved because it can be converted into other forms of energy and vice versa.

Step by step solution

01

Analyzing the first statement

"Heat is a form of energy." This statement is correct. Heat is, indeed, a form of energy which transfers between objects with different temperatures.
02

Analyzing the second statement

"Energy is conserved." This statement is also correct. The conservation of energy is a fundamental principle in physics that states that the total energy of a closed system remains constant over time.
03

Analyzing the third statement

"The heat lost by a system must be equal to the amount of heat gained by the surroundings. Therefore, heat is conserved." This statement is partially correct. While it is true that the heat lost by a system must be equal to the amount of heat gained by its surroundings, it is not accurate to conclude that heat is conserved. In fact, heat conservation is not a valid concept, as heat can be converted into different forms of energy (and vice versa) as it transfers between objects. The correct way to phrase this statement would be to say that energy is conserved.
04

Correct the incorrect statement and explain

"The heat lost by a system must be equal to the amount of heat gained by the surroundings. Therefore, energy is conserved." As heat is a form of energy, the conservation of energy principle does apply. When an object loses heat, the heat is transferred to its surroundings — this ensures that the total energy in a closed system remains constant. However, as mentioned, heat is not conserved because it can be converted into other forms of energy and vice versa.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The enthalpy of combustion of \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}(g)\) when $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)$ is formed is \(-891 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) and the enthalpy of combustion of \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}(g)\) when \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\) is formed is $-803 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$ . Use these data and Hess's law to determine the enthalpy of vaporization for water.

It has been determined that the body can generate 5500 \(\mathrm{kJ}\) of energy during one hour of strenuous exercise. Perspiration is the body's mechanism for eliminating this heat. What mass of water would have to be evaporated through perspiration to rid the body of the heat generated during 2 hours of exercise? (The heat of vaporization of water is 40.6 \(\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol.} )\)

Explain why \(\Delta H\) is obtained directly from coffee-cup calorimeters, whereas \(\Delta E\) is obtained directly from bomb calorimeters.

The best solar panels currently available are about 19\(\%\) efficient in converting sunlight to electricity. A typical home will use about \(40 .\) kWh of electricity per day \((1 \mathrm{kWh}=1 \text { kilowatt }\) hour; \(1 \mathrm{kW}=1000 \mathrm{J} / \mathrm{s}\) ). Assuming 8.0 hours of useful sunlight per day, calculate the minimum solar panel surface area necessary to provide all of a typical home's electricity. (See Exercise 132 for the energy rate supplied by the sun.)

The reaction $$ \mathrm{SO}_{3}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q) $$ is the last step in the commercial production of sulfuric acid. The enthalpy change for this reaction is \(-227 \mathrm{kJ} .\) In designing a sulfuric acid plant, is it necessary to provide for heating or cooling of the reaction mixture? Explain.
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