Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 7: Problem 95

Write the expected ground-state electron configuration for the following: a. the element with one unpaired 5\(p\) electron that forms a covalent with compound fluorine b. the (as yet undiscovered) alkaline earth metal after radium c. the noble gas with electrons occupying 4f orbitals d. the first-row transition metal with the most unpaired electrons

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. Antimony (Sb) electron configuration: \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^3\] b. Unbinilium (Ubn) electron configuration: \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6p^6 7s^2\] c. Radon (Rn) electron configuration: \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6p^6\] d. Chromium (Cr) electron configuration: \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1 3d^5\]

Step by step solution

01

a. Element with one unpaired 5\(p\) electron that forms a covalent with compound fluorine

First, we need to find the element with one unpaired 5\(p\) electron. In the periodic table, this element is in the 5th period and the 15th group (Elements with \(n=5\) in a \(p\) orbital). That element is antimony (Sb). Now, let's find the ground-state electron configuration for antimony: 1. Utilizing the aufbau principle, we have: \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^3\] 2. Final electron configuration of antimony (Sb): \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^3\]
02

b. Alkaline earth metal after radium

To find the alkaline earth metal after radium, we need to move one element down in the 2nd group of the periodic table. The element we are looking for is element 120, which has not been discovered yet. This element is known as unbinilium (Ubn). Now, let's find the ground-state electron configuration for unbinilium (Ubn): \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6p^6 7s^2\] Final electron configuration of unbinilium (Ubn): \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6p^6 7s^2\]
03

c. Noble gas with electrons occupying 4f orbitals

Noble gases have completely filled electron shells. We are looking for a noble gas with electrons occupying 4f orbitals. In the periodic table, we see that radon (Rn) is the noble gas element where the 4f orbitals are completely filled. Now, let's find the ground-state electron configuration for radon (Rn): \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6p^6\] Final electron configuration of radon (Rn): \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6p^6\]
04

d. First-row transition metal with the most unpaired electrons

First-row transition metals are found in the 4th period and groups 3 to 12. The first-row transition metal with the most unpaired electrons is chromium (Cr). Now, let's find the ground-state electron configuration for chromium (Cr): 1. Utilizing the aufbau principle, we have: \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1 3d^5\] 2. Chromium has an exception to the aufbau principle because half-filled d orbitals are more stable, so it promotes one electron from the 4s orbital to the 3d orbital. Final electron configuration of chromium (Cr): \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1 3d^5\]

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Give a possible set of values of the four quantum numbers for the 4s and 3d electrons in titanium.

The bright yellow light emitted by a sodium vapor lamp consists of two emission lines at 589.0 and 589.6 nm. What are the frequency and the energy of a photon of light at each of these wavelengths? What are the energies in kJ/mol?

Which of the following electron configurations correspond to an excited state? Identify the atoms and write the ground-state electron configuration where appropriate. a. 1\(s^{2} 2 s^{2} 3 p^{1}\) b. 1\(s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6}\) c. 1\(s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{4} 3 s^{1}\) d. \([\mathrm{Ar}] 4 s^{2} 3 d^{5} 4 p^{1}\) How many unpaired electrons are present in each of these species?

The wave function for the 2\(p_{z}\) orbital in the hydrogen atom is $$\psi_{2 p_{z}}=\frac{1}{4 \sqrt{2 \pi}}\left(\frac{Z}{a_{0}}\right)^{3 / 2} \sigma \mathrm{e}^{-\sigma / 2} \cos \theta$$ where \(a_{0}\) is the value for the radius of the first Bohr orbit in meters \(\left(5.29 \times 10^{-11}\right), \sigma\) is \(Z\left(r / a_{0}\right), r\) is the value for the distance from the nucleus in meters, and \(\theta\) is an angle. Calculate the value of \(\psi_{2 p_{z}}^{2}\) at \(r=a_{0}\) for \(\theta=0^{\circ}\left(z \text { axis ) and for } \theta=90^{\circ}\right.\) (xy plane).

An ion having a \(4+\) charge and a mass of 49.9 u has 2 electrons with principal quantum number \(n=1,8\) electrons with \(n=2\) and 10 electrons with \(n=3 .\) Supply as many of the properties for the ion as possible from the information given. (Hint: In forming ions for this species, the 4\(s\) electrons are lost before the 3\(d\) electrons.) a. the atomic number b. total number of \(s\) electrons c. total number of \(p\) electrons d. total number of \(d\) electrons e. the number of neutrons in the nucleus f. the ground-state electron configuration of the neutral atom
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free