Chapter 7: Problem 96

Using only the periodic table inside the front cover of the text, write the expected ground-state electron configurations for a. the third element in Group 5 \(\mathrm{A}\) . b. element number \(116 .\) c. an element with three unpaired 5\(d\) electrons. d. the halogen with electrons in the 6\(p\) atomic orbitals.

Short Answer

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The electron configurations for the specified criteria are: a. Antimony (Sb) with atomic number 51: \[1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{3}\] b. Livermorium (Lv) with atomic number 116: \[1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{6}7s^{2}5f^{14}\] c. Tantalum (Ta) with atomic number 73 and three unpaired 5d electrons: \[1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{3}\] d. Astatine (At), a halogen with atomic number 85 and electrons in the 6p atomic orbitals: \[1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{5}\]

Step by step solution

a. Third element in Group 5A

Locate Group 5A in the periodic table and find the third element in that group, which is Antimony (Sb). Antimony has an atomic number of 51, meaning it has 51 electrons in its ground state. The electron configuration for Antimony can be determined using the Aufbau principle, placing each electron in the lowest energy orbital available: \[1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{3}\]

b. Element number 116

Element number 116 is Livermorium (Lv), which has 116 electrons in its ground state. The electron configuration for Livermorium is as follows: \[1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{6}7s^{2}5f^{14}\]

c. An element with three unpaired 5d electrons

For this one, we assume all other subshells are fully occupied before filling up the 5d orbitals because it's the ground-state configuration. An element with three unpaired 5d electrons should have the following electron configuration: \[...4f^{14}5d^{3}\] This element is Tantalum (Ta), which has an atomic number of 73, and its complete electron configuration is: \[1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{3}\]

d. The halogen with electrons in the 6p atomic orbitals

A halogen with electrons in the 6p atomic orbitals should have the following electron configuration pattern: \[...5d^{10}6p^{5}\] This element is Astatine (At), with an atomic number of 85. Its complete electron configuration is: \[1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{5}\]

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Short Answer

Step by step solution

a. Third element in Group 5A

b. Element number 116

c. An element with three unpaired 5d electrons

d. The halogen with electrons in the 6p atomic orbitals

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