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Chapter 8: Problem 12

How does a bond between Na and Cl differ from a bond between C and O? What about a bond between N and N?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The bond between Na and Cl is an ionic bond formed by the transfer of electrons, with a relatively weaker bond strength. On the other hand, the bond between C and O is a double covalent bond, while the bond between N and N is a stronger triple covalent bond, both formed by the sharing of electrons.

Step by step solution

01

Find the electronegativity values

Check the periodic table for the electronegativity values of the atoms involved in bond formation. Na (Sodium) has an electronegativity of 0.93. Cl (Chlorine) has an electronegativity of 3.16. C (Carbon) has an electronegativity of 2.55. O (Oxygen) has an electronegativity of 3.44. N (Nitrogen) has an electronegativity of 3.04.
02

Determine the bond type

Compare the electronegativity values of the atoms involved in bonding to identify if they form an ionic or covalent bond. For a bond between Na and Cl: The electronegativity difference = |3.16-0.93| = 2.23, which is greater than 1.7. So, Na and Cl form an ionic bond. For a bond between C and O: The electronegativity difference = |3.44-2.55| = 0.89, which is less than 1.7. Therefore, C and O form a covalent bond. For a bond between N and N: The electronegativity difference = |3.04-3.04| = 0, which is less than 1.7. N and N also form a covalent bond.
03

Determine the bond strength

Identify the type of bond (single, double, or triple) based on the electron sharing between the atoms. For a bond between Na and Cl: In an ionic bond, atoms transfer electrons to achieve stability. Sodium (Na) loses one electron to become Na+ ion, while Chlorine (Cl) gains one electron to become Cl- ion. For a bond between C and O: Carbon and Oxygen form a double covalent bond by sharing two electrons each. In this bond, Carbon shares 2 of its 4 valence electrons, while Oxygen shares 2 of its 6 valence electrons, achieving stability. For a bond between N and N: Nitrogen atoms form a triple covalent bond by sharing three electrons each. Each nitrogen atom contributes 3 of its 5 valence electrons, achieving stability.
04

Compare the bonds

Compare the bonds formed between the given pairs of atoms: 1. The bond between Na and Cl is an ionic bond formed by the transfer of electrons, while the bond between C and O is a covalent bond formed by sharing electrons. 2. The bond between Na and Cl is weaker compared to the bond between C and O, which is a double covalent bond. 3. The bond between N and N is a triple covalent bond, which is stronger than the double covalent bond between C and O.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Draw a Lewis structure for the \(N, N\) -dimethylformamide molecule. The skeletal structure is Various types of evidence lead to the conclusion that there is some double bond character to the C-N bond. Draw one or more resonance structures that support this observation.

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Given the following information: Heat of sublimation of \(\mathrm{Li}(s)=166 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Bond energy of \(\mathrm{HCl}=427 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Ionization energy of \(\mathrm{Li}(g)=520 . \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Electron affinity of \(\mathrm{Cl}(g)=-349 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Lattice energy of LiCl(s) \(=-829 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Bond energy of \(\mathrm{H}_{2}=432 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Calculate the net change in energy for the following reaction: $$2 \mathrm{Li}(s)+2 \mathrm{HCl}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{LiCl}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)$$

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