Identify the five compounds of \(\mathrm{H}, \mathrm{N},\) and \(\mathrm{O}\) described as follows. For each compound, write a Lewis structure that is consistent with the information given. a. All the compounds are electrolytes, although not all of them are strong electrolytes. Compounds \(\mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{D}\) are ionic and compound \(\mathrm{B}\) is covalent. b. Nitrogen occurs in its highest possible oxidation state in compounds \(\mathrm{A}\) and \(\mathrm{C}\); nitrogen occurs in its lowest possible oxidation state in compounds \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{D}\), and \(\mathrm{E}\). The formal charge on both nitrogens in compound \(\mathrm{C}\) is \(+1\); the formal charge on the only nitrogen in compound \(\mathrm{B}\) is 0. c. Compounds \(\mathrm{A}\) and \(\mathrm{E}\) exist in solution. Both solutions give off gases. Commercially available concentrated solutions of compound A are normally 16\(M .\) The commercial, concentrated solution of compound \(E\) is 15\(M .\) d. Commercial solutions of compound E are labeled with a misnomer that implies that a binary, gaseous compound of nitrogen and hydrogen has reacted with water to produce ammonium ions and hydroxide ions. Actually, this reaction occurs to only a slight extent. e. Compound \(D\) is 43.7\(\% \mathrm{N}\) and 50.0\(\%\) O by mass. If compound D were a gas at STP, it would have a density of 2.86 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{L} .\) f. A formula unit of compound \(\mathrm{C}\) has one more oxygen than a formula unit of compound \(\mathrm{D}\). Compounds \(\mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{A}\) have one ion in common when compound \(\mathrm{A}\) is acting as a strong electrolyte. g. Solutions of compound \(\mathrm{C}\) are weakly acidic; solutions of compound \(\mathrm{A}\) are strongly acidic; solutions of compounds \(\mathrm{B}\) and \(\mathrm{E}\) are basic. The titration of 0.726 g compound \(\mathrm{B}\) requires 21.98 \(\mathrm{mL}\) of 1.000 \(\mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}\) for complete neutralization.

Step by step solution

01

Compound A

From the information given: - Compound A is a strong electrolyte - Nitrogen is in its highest oxidation state - The solution gives off gases - It is strongly acidic Considering the information, compound A can be identified as Nitric Acid (HNO₃). It is a strong acid and a strong electrolyte. The oxidation state of nitrogen in HNO₃ is +5, which is its highest possible oxidation state.

02

Compound B

From the information given: - Compound B is covalent - Nitrogen is in its lowest oxidation state - The formal charge on the nitrogen atom is 0 - It is basic Considering the information, compound B can be identified as Ammonia (NH₃). It is a covalent compound that acts as a base in solution. The oxidation state of nitrogen in NH₃ is -3, which is its lowest possible oxidation state. The formal charge on the nitrogen atom is 0.

03

Compound C

From the information given: - Compound C is ionic - Nitrogen is in its highest and lowest oxidation states - Formal charge on both nitrogens is +1 - Has one more oxygen atom than compound D Considering the information, compound C can be identified as Ammonium Nitrate (NH₄NO₃). It is an ionic compound with nitrogen in both its highest and lowest oxidation states. The formal charge on each nitrogen atom in the ammonium (NH₄+) ion is +1, and the formal charge on nitrogen in the nitrate (NO₃-) ion is 0. It has one more oxygen atom than compound D (which we will determine later).

04

Compound D

From the information given: - 43.7% N and 50.0% O by mass - Has one less oxygen atom than compound C (NH₄NO₃) Based on the mass percentages, we can determine the empirical formula of compound D as NO₂. This means that compound D is Nitrogen Dioxide. It has one less oxygen atom than compound C (NH₄NO₃).

05

Compound E

From the information given: - Solutions give off gases - Labeled with a misnomer implying NH₃ reacting with water Considering the information, compound E can be identified as Ammonium Hydroxide (NH₄OH). The misnomer refers to the incorrect naming as if it were a direct result of ammonia (NH₃) reacting with water, which occurs only to a slight extent in reality. In conclusion, the five compounds are as follows: - Compound A: Nitric Acid (HNO₃) - Compound B: Ammonia (NH₃) - Compound C: Ammonium Nitrate (NH₄NO₃) - Compound D: Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) - Compound E: Ammonium Hydroxide (NH₄OH)

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

• Full Textbook Solutions

  Get detailed explanations and key concepts

• Unlimited Al creation

  Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

• Ads-free access

  To over 500 millions flashcards

• Money-back guarantee

  We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!