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Chapter 8: Problem 21

Some plant fertilizer compounds are $\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}, \mathrm{Ca}_{3}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{2}$ \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5},\) and \(\mathrm{KCl}\) . Which of these compounds contain both ionic and covalent bonds?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The compounds \((NH4)_2SO4\) and \(Ca3(PO4)_2\) contain both ionic and covalent bonds. \((NH4)_2SO4\) has ionic bonds between its NH4+ ions and SO4²⁻ ion, and covalent bonds within the ammonium and sulfate ions. \(Ca3(PO4)_2\) has ionic bonds between its Ca²⁺ ions and PO4³⁻ ions, and covalent bonds within the phosphate ions.

Step by step solution

01

(NH4)2SO4

(NH4)2SO4 consists of 2 NH4+ ions (ammonium) and SO4²⁻ ion (sulfate). There is an ionic bond between the NH4+ ions and the SO4²⁻ ion. Ammonium ion (NH4+) has covalent bonds between its N and H atoms. Similarly, the sulfate ion (SO4²⁻) has covalent bonds between its S and O atoms. This compound contains both ionic and covalent bonds.
02

Ca3(PO4)2

Ca3(PO4)2 consists of 3 Ca²⁺ ions (calcium) and 2 PO4³⁻ ions (phosphate). There is an ionic bond between the calcium ions and the phosphate ions. The phosphate ion (PO4³⁻) has covalent bonds between its P and O atoms. Therefore, this compound contains both ionic and covalent bonds.
03

K2O

K2O consists of 2 K⁺ ions (potassium) and an O²⁻ ion (oxide). There is an ionic bond between the potassium ions and the oxide ion. Since no covalent bonds are present, this compound contains only ionic bonds.
04

P2O5

P2O5 has only covalent bonds, as the entire molecule is made up of non-metals (P and O). There are no ionic bonds in this compound.
05

KCl

KCl consists of a K⁺ ion (potassium) and Cl⁻ ion (chloride). There is an ionic bond between the potassium and chloride ions. Since no covalent bonds are present, this compound only contains ionic bonds. #Summary# Based on the analysis, the compounds (NH4)2SO4 and Ca3(PO4)2 contain both ionic and covalent bonds.

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