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Chapter 8: Problem 34

Without using Fig. 8.3, predict which bond in each of the following groups will be the most polar. a. \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}, \mathrm{Si}-\mathrm{H}, \mathrm{Sn}-\mathrm{H}\) b. $\mathrm{Al}-\mathrm{Br}, \mathrm{Ga}-\mathrm{Br}, \mathrm{In}-\mathrm{Br}, \mathrm{Tl}-\mathrm{Br}$ c.\(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{O}\) or \(\mathrm{Si}-\mathrm{O}\) d. \(\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{F}\) or \(\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{Cl}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
In summary, the most polar bonds for each group are: a. \(C-H\) b. \(Al-Br\) c. \(Si-O\) d. \(O-F\)

Step by step solution

01

List the given bonds and their electronegativity values.

First, we need to write down the list of given bonds and their electronegativity values. Electronegativity values can be looked up from the periodic table or other resources. Here are the given bonds and their electronegativity values: a. C-H: (C: 2.55, H: 2.20) Si-H: (Si: 1.90, H: 2.20) Sn-H: (Sn: 1.96, H: 2.20) b. Al-Br: (Al: 1.61, Br: 2.96) Ga-Br: (Ga: 1.81, Br: 2.96) In-Br: (In: 1.78, Br: 2.96) Tl-Br: (Tl: 1.62, Br: 2.96) c. C-O: (C: 2.55, O: 3.44) Si-O: (Si: 1.90, O: 3.44) d. O-F: (O: 3.44, F: 3.98) O-Cl: (O: 3.44, Cl: 3.16)
02

Calculate the electronegativity difference for each bond

Now, we need to calculate the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms for each bond: a. C-H: |2.55 - 2.20| = 0.35 Si-H: |1.90 - 2.20| = 0.30 Sn-H: |1.96 - 2.20| = 0.24 b. Al-Br: |1.61 - 2.96| = 1.35 Ga-Br: |1.81 - 2.96| = 1.15 In-Br: |1.78 - 2.96| = 1.18 Tl-Br: |1.62 - 2.96| = 1.34 c. C-O: |2.55 - 3.44| = 0.89 Si-O: |1.90 - 3.44| = 1.54 d. O-F: |3.44 - 3.98| = 0.54 O-Cl: |3.44 - 3.16| = 0.28
03

Determine the most polar bonds in each group

Now we can compare the electronegativity differences within each group to identify the most polar bond: a. C-H is the most polar bond, as it has the highest electronegativity difference (0.35). b. Al-Br is the most polar bond, as it has the highest electronegativity difference (1.35). c. Si-O is the most polar bond, as it has the highest electronegativity difference (1.54). d. O-F is the most polar bond, as it has the highest electronegativity difference (0.54). Thus, the most polar bonds for each group are: a. C-H b. Al-Br c. Si-O d. O-F

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