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Chapter 8: Problem 5

Consider the following statement: “Because oxygen wants to have a negative-two charge, the second electron affinity is more negative than the first.” Indicate everything that is correct in this statement. Indicate everything that is incorrect. Correct the incorrect statements and explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct part of the statement is that oxygen wants to have a negative-two charge, as it gains two electrons to achieve a stable, full outer electron shell. The incorrect part is that the second electron affinity is more negative than the first. The corrected statement should be: "Because oxygen wants to have a negative-two charge, the first electron affinity is more negative than the second." This is because, when adding a second electron, the negative charge of the first gained electron repels the incoming electron, making the second electron affinity less negative than the first.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the correct parts of the statement

The statement given is: “Because oxygen wants to have a negative-two charge, the second electron affinity is more negative than the first.” Let's break it down into its components. The first part of the statement to consider is the claim that "oxygen wants to have a negative-two charge." This is, in fact, correct. Oxygen, with its six valence electrons, would ideally gain two more electrons to achieve a stable, full outer electron shell (eight electrons in total). Gaining these two electrons would result in a negative-two charge.
02

Identify the incorrect parts of the statement

The second part of the statement to consider is the claim that "the second electron affinity is more negative than the first." This statement is incorrect. The first electron affinity of an atom is typically more negative than the second electron affinity.
03

Correct the incorrect statement and provide explanation

Now, let's correct the incorrect part of the statement and provide an explanation. The corrected statement should be: "Because oxygen wants to have a negative-two charge, the first electron affinity is more negative than the second." The reason behind this is that electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form a negative ion. When the first electron is added, the atom's stronger positive charge on the nucleus attracts the electron, releasing energy (negative electron affinity). When a second electron is being added, the negative charge of the first gained electron repels the second incoming electron. Therefore, energy must be input in order for the second electron to be added (positive electron affinity). As a result, the first electron affinity is more negative than the second electron affinity.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Calcium carbonate \(\left(\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}\right)\) shells are used by mollusks, corals, and snails to form protective coverings. Draw the Lewis structure for \(\mathrm{CaCO}_{3} .\) Be sure to include any resonance structures.

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