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Chapter 1: Problem 22

Describe the three temperature scales used in the laboratory and in everyday life: the Fahrenheit scale, the Celsius scale, and the Kelvin scale.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Fahrenheit scale sets the freezing point and boiling point of water at 32 and 212 degrees respectively. Celsius scale sets these points at 0 and 100 respectively. Kelvin scale, an absolute temperature scale, sets these points at 273.15K and 373.15K respectively. Conversion among them involves basic arithmetic operations and known constants.

Step by step solution

01

Describing Fahrenheit

The Fahrenheit scale was proposed in the early 18th century by Daniel Fahrenheit and is used primarily in the United States. On this scale, the freezing point of water is 32 degrees, and the boiling point is 212 degrees.
02

Describing Celsius

The Celsius, or Centigrade, scale was introduced by Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius. It is used worldwide for most temperature measuring purposes. On the Celsius scale, the freezing point of water is 0 degrees, and the boiling point is 100 degrees.
03

Describing Kelvin

The Kelvin scale is the standard unit of temperature in the physical sciences and is named after the British physicist William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin. It is an absolute temperature scale. Its zero point, 0 K, is defined to coincide with the coldest possible temperature, absolute zero. On the Kelvin scale, the freezing point of water is 273.15 K, and the boiling point is 373.15 K.
04

Conversion among Scales

Here is an overview of the conversions among scales: To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32 and multiply by \(\frac{5}{9}\). To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit, multiply by \(\frac{9}{5}\) and add 32. Kelvin can be converted to Celsius by subtracting 273.15. Conversely, Celsius is converted to Kelvin by adding 273.15.

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