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Chapter 11: Problem 1

Give an example for each type of intermolecular force: (a) dipole-dipole interaction, (b) dipoleinduced dipole interaction, (c) ion-dipole interaction, (d) dispersion forces, (e) van der Waals forces.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Dipole-dipole interaction: HCl, Dipole-induced dipole interaction: Argon and Water, Ion-dipole interaction: Salt in Water, Dispersion forces: Helium, Van der Waals forces: Geckos adhering to surfaces.

Step by step solution

01

Dipole-Dipole Interaction

Is the attractive force between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule. For example, the chain of Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) has dipole-dipole interactions.
02

Dipole-Induced Dipole Interaction

Is the attraction between a polar molecule and an induced polar molecule. For example, interactions between a nonpolar molecule like Argon (\(Ar\)) and a polar molecule such as water (\(H_2O\)).
03

Ion-Dipole Interaction

Is the charge interaction between an ion and a polar molecule. A common example is the dissolution of sodium chloride (salt) in water, forming \(Na^+\) and \(Cl^-\) ions that interact with the polar \(H_2O\) molecules.
04

Dispersion Forces

They are weak forces that result from temporary shifts in the density of the electron clouds. This is usually observed in noble gases such as helium, neon, argon.
05

Van der Waals Forces

Van der Waals forces include both dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions. But for this requirement, we can highlight Geckos climbing walls; they use Van der Waals forces to adhere to surfaces.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Explain how water's phase diagram differs from those of most substances. What property of water causes the difference?

Calculate the \(\Delta H^{\circ}\) for the following processes at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (a) \(\mathrm{Br}_{2}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Br}_{2}(g)\) and (b) \(\mathrm{Br}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow\) \(2 \mathrm{Br}(g) .\) Comment on the relative magnitudes of these \(\Delta H^{\circ}\) values in terms of the forces involved in each case. \\{Hint: See Table \(9.4,\) and given that \(\left.\Delta H_{\mathrm{f}}^{\circ}\left[\mathrm{Br}_{2}(g)\right]=30.7 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} .\right\\}\)

Use any one of the phase changes to explain what is meant by dynamic equilibrium.

A beaker of water is placed in a closed container. Predict the effect on the vapor pressure of the water when (a) its temperature is lowered, (b) the volume of the container is doubled, (c) more water is added to the beaker.

A sample of limestone \(\left(\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}\right)\) is heated in a closed vessel until it is partially decomposed. Write an equation for the reaction and state how many phases are present.
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