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Chapter 11: Problem 154

Is the vapor pressure of a liquid more sensitive to changes in temperature if \(\Delta H_{\text {vap }}\) is small or large?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The vapor pressure of a liquid is more sensitive to changes in temperature if the enthalpy of vaporization (\( \Delta H_{\text {vap}} \)) is large.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Clausius-Clapeyron equation

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation connects the vapor pressure of a liquid with its temperature. The form is \( \ln P = - \Delta H_{\text {vap}} / RT + C \). Here \( P \) is the vapor pressure, \( \Delta H_{\text {vap}} \) is the enthalpy of vaporization, \( R \) is the ideal gas constant, \( T \) is the absolute temperature, and \( C \) constant.
02

Analyze the meaning of \(\Delta H_{\text {vap}}\) and its effect on the vapor pressure

\(\Delta H_{\text {vap}}\) represents the amount of energy required to convert a mol of liquid into a gaseous state (enthalpy of vaporization). The larger the \(\Delta H_{\text {vap}}\), the more energy required to vaporize the liquid.
03

Understand the effect of \(\Delta H_{\text {vap}}\) on vapor pressure sensitivity to temperature changes

Looking at the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, it's clear that an increase in temperature will result in an increase in vapor pressure. The magnitude of this increase will depend on the \(\Delta H_{\text {vap}}\). If \(\Delta H_{\text {vap}}\) is large, a small change in temperature will cause a significant increase in vapor pressure. So, it can be concluded that the vapor pressure of a liquid is more sensitive to changes in temperature if the enthalpy of vaporization (\(\Delta H_{\text {vap}}\)) is large.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

As a liquid is heated at constant pressure, its temperature rises. This trend continues until the boiling point of the liquid is reached. No further rise in temperature of the liquid can be induced by heating. Explain.

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