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Chapter 11: Problem 16

Which substance in each of the following pairs would you expect to have the higher boiling point? (a) Ne or \(\mathrm{Xe},\) (b) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) or \(\mathrm{CS}_{2},\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}\) or \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2},\) (d) \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) or \(\mathrm{LiF},\) (e) \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) or \(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\). Explain your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified
For each pair, the substance with the higher boiling point would be \( \mathrm{Xe} \), \( \mathrm{CS}_{2} \), \( \mathrm{Cl}_{2} \), \( \mathrm{LiF} \), and \( \mathrm{NH}_{3} \).

Step by step solution

01

Compare Ne and Xe

Both \( \mathrm{Ne} \) and \( \mathrm{Xe} \) are noble gases, with weak van der Waals forces acting between the atoms. However, \( \mathrm{Xe} \) has a higher molecular weight than \( \mathrm{Ne} \), so \( \mathrm{Xe} \) is expected to have a higher boiling point.
02

Compare CO2 and CS2

Both \( \mathrm{CO}_{2} \) and \( \mathrm{CS}_{2} \) are molecular compounds but \( \mathrm{CS}_{2} \) has a higher molecular weight than \( \mathrm{CO}_{2} \), which leads one to expect \( \mathrm{CS}_{2} \) to have a higher boiling point.
03

Compare CH4 and Cl2

Both \( \mathrm{CH}_{4} \) and \( \mathrm{Cl}_{2} \) are covalent compounds. However, \( \mathrm{Cl}_{2} \) has a higher molecular weight than \( \mathrm{CH}_{4} \), so \( \mathrm{Cl}_{2} \) is expected to have a higher boiling point.
04

Compare F2 and LiF

\( \mathrm{F}_{2} \) is a covalent compound while \( \mathrm{LiF} \) is an ionic compound. Generally, ionic compounds have higher boiling points compared to covalent ones due to their stronger ionic bonds. Therefore, \( \mathrm{LiF} \) would be expected to have a higher boiling point.
05

Compare NH3 and PH3

Both \( \mathrm{NH}_{3} \) and \( \mathrm{PH}_{3} \) are covalent compounds, but \( \mathrm{NH}_{3} \) has hydrogen bonding while \( \mathrm{PH}_{3} \) doesn’t. So, even though the molecular weights are similar, \( \mathrm{NH}_{3} \) is expected to have a higher boiling point due to the presence of hydrogen bonding.

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