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Chapter 11: Problem 68

What is critical temperature? What is the significance of critical temperature in liquefaction of gases?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Critical temperature is the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied, no matter how much pressure is applied. It is crucial in the liquefaction of gases, signifying that a gas can only be liquefied by cooling or compressing it if the temperature is below the critical temperature.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Critical Temperature

The critical temperature of a gas is defined as the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the applied pressure. It is a unique characteristic of each substance.
02

Significance of Critical Temperature

The critical temperature is significant because it limits the conditions under which a gas can be converted to a liquid. Above this temperature, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules is so high that they cannot be compressed into a liquid phase, even under high pressure.
03

Role of Critical Temperature in Liquefaction of Gases

The critical temperature plays a crucial role in the liquefaction of gases. Gases can be liquefied by cooling or compressing them, but only if the temperature is below the critical temperature. If the temperature of a gas is above its critical temperature, it cannot be liquefied by pressure alone. This is the principle behind the liquefaction of gases.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Steam at \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) causes more serious burns than water at \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Why?

Sketch the cooling curves of water from about \(110^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to about \(-10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). How would you also show the formation of supercooled liquid below \(0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) which then freezes to ice? The pressure is at 1 atm throughout the process. The curves need not be drawn quantitatively.

Provide an explanation for each of the following phenomena: (a) Solid argon (m.p. \(-189.2^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ;\) b.p. \(-185.7^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ) can be prepared by immersing a flask containing argon gas in liquid nitrogen (b.p. \(-195.8^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ) until it liquefies and then connecting the flask to a vacuum pump. (b) The melting point of cyclohexane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12}\right)\) increases with increasing pressure exerted on the solid cyclohexane. (c) Certain high-altitude clouds contain water droplets at \(-10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). (d) When a piece of dry ice is added to a beaker of water, fog forms above the water.

A student hangs wet clothes outdoors on a winter day when the temperature is \(-15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). After a few hours, the clothes are found to be fairly dry. Describe the phase changes in this drying process.

The vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed container depends on which of the following: (a) the volume above the liquid, (b) the amount of liquid present, (c) temperature, (d) intermolecular forces between the molecules in the liquid?
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