Chapter 11: Problem 93

Name the kinds of attractive forces that must be overcome in order to (a) boil liquid ammonia, (b) melt solid phosphorus \(\left(\mathrm{P}_{4}\right),\) (c) dissolve CsI in liquid \(\mathrm{HF}\), (d) melt potassium metal.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The types of forces to be overcome are: (a) Hydrogen bonds in liquid ammonia, (b) London dispersion forces in solid phosphorus (\(\mathrm{P}_{4}\)), (c) Ion-dipole forces in a CsI solution in \(\mathrm{HF}\), and (d) Metallic bonds in potassium metal.

Step by step solution

Identify the Force in Liquid Ammonia

Liquid ammonia is a covalent molecule with hydrogen bonds. The boiling of liquid ammonia involves breaking these hydrogen bonds. So, the type of attractive force that must be overcome to boil liquid ammonia is hydrogen bonding.

Identify the Force in Solid Phosphorus

Solid phosphorus (\(\mathrm{P}_{4}\)) is a covalent molecule. In this case, the force to be overcome is the London dispersion force, which is the only intermolecular force between nonpolar molecules like \(\mathrm{P}_{4}\).

Identify the Force in CsI Solution in HF

When CsI is dissolved in \(\mathrm{HF}\), the forces that need to be overcome are the ion-dipole forces between the CsI ion and the water molecules of the \(\mathrm{HF}\).

Identify the Force in Potassium Metal

Potassium is a metal, and the forces holding the particles together in a solid metal are known as metallic bonds. Therefore, to melt potassium metal, these metallic bonds must be broken.

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Name the kinds of attractive forces that must be overcome in order to (a) boil liquid ammonia, (b) melt solid phosphorus \(\left(\mathrm{P}_{4}\right),\) (c) dissolve CsI in liquid \(\mathrm{HF}\), (d) melt potassium metal.

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Identify the Force in Liquid Ammonia

Identify the Force in Solid Phosphorus

Identify the Force in CsI Solution in HF

Identify the Force in Potassium Metal

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