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Chapter 12: Problem 30

Discuss the factors that influence the solubility of a gas in a liquid.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is influenced by the pressure of the gas (as described by Henry's Law, with higher pressures leading to increased solubility), the temperature (with higher temperatures generally decreasing solubility), and the nature of the gas and the liquid (with some gases being more soluble than others in different liquids).

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Henry's Law

Henry's Law states that at a constant temperature, the amount of a given gas that dissolves in a given type and volume of liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with the liquid. So, increasing the partial pressure of the gaseous phase can increase the solubility of the gas in the liquid.
02

Effect of Temperature

Generally, an increase in temperature decreases the solubility of a gas in a liquid. The kinetic energy of the gas particles increases with temperature. The increased kinetic energy tends to make the particles escape from the solvent, thus decreasing the solubility.
03

Nature of the Gas and the Liquid

The nature of both the gas and the liquid can affect how much of the gas dissolves in the liquid. Gases such as helium and hydrogen are less easily liquefied and hence are less soluble in water. On the other hand, gases like carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide are easily liquefied and hence are more soluble in water.

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