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Chapter 12: Problem 45

What is osmosis? What is a semipermeable membrane?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules from a lower concentration to a higher concentration across a semi-permeable membrane until equilibrium is established. A semi-permeable membrane is a biological or synthetic layer that only allows certain molecules or ions to pass through.

Step by step solution

01

Define Osmosis

Osmosis is a biological process that involves the movement of water molecules. It happens across a partially permeable membrane from a region with a lower solute concentration to a region with a higher solute concentration. The process continues until the concentration on both sides is equal.
02

Define Semi-Permeable Membrane

A semi-permeable membrane, also referred to as a selectively permeable membrane or a partially permeable membrane, is a type of biological or synthetic, polymeric membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it. In biology, these membranes are used to control the rate at which substances can pass through them, helping to maintain the cell environment.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Calculate the molality of each of the following solutions: (a) \(14.3 \mathrm{~g}\) of sucrose \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}\right)\) in \(676 \mathrm{~g}\) of water, (b) 7.20 moles of ethylene glycol \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)\) in \(3546 \mathrm{~g}\) of water.

The solubility of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) in blood at \(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and at a partial pressure of \(0.80 \mathrm{~atm}\) is \(5.6 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~mol} / \mathrm{L} .\) A deep-sea diver breathes compressed air with the partial pressure of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) equal to 4.0 atm. Assume that the total volume of blood in the body is \(5.0 \mathrm{~L}\). Calculate the amount of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) gas released (in liters at \(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\) ) when the diver returns to the surface of the water, where the partial pressure of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) is \(0.80 \mathrm{~atm}\)

The solubility of \(\mathrm{KNO}_{3}\) is \(155 \mathrm{~g}\) per \(100 \mathrm{~g}\) of water at \(75^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(38.0 \mathrm{~g}\) at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .\) What mass (in grams) of \(\mathrm{KNO}_{3}\) will crystallize out of solution if exactly \(100 \mathrm{~g}\) of its saturated solution at \(75^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is cooled to \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ?

A solution containing \(0.8330 \mathrm{~g}\) of a polymer of unknown structure in \(170.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of an organic solvent was found to have an osmotic pressure of \(5.20 \mathrm{mmHg}\) at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Determine the molar mass of the polymer.

How many grams of urea \(\left[\left(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}\right]\) must be added to \(450 \mathrm{~g}\) of water to give a solution with a vapor pressure \(2.50 \mathrm{mmHg}\) less than that of pure water at \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ? (The vapor pressure of water at \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is \(31.8 \mathrm{mmHg} .\) )
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