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Chapter 12: Problem 80

Describe how hydrophilic and hydrophobic colloids are stabilized in water.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Hydrophilic colloids are stabilized in water using electrostabilization or steric repulsion, while hydrophobic colloids require emulsifying agents to achieve stability.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Colloids

Hydrophilic colloids are substances that have an affinity towards water (water-attracting). They include substances such as proteins, cellulose and starch. On the other hand, hydrophobic colloids are substances that repel water, they include substances such as fats and oils.
02

Hydrophilic Colloid Stabilization

Hydrophilic colloids achieve stabilization in aqueous solutions mainly through two mechanisms: Electrostabilization and Steric repulsion. In electrostabilization, colloidal particles develop charges on their surface through ion adsorption or ionization of groups on the surface of the particle, these charges allow them to repel each other thus preventing flocculation or agglomeration. The repulsion creates a balance with forces of attraction like van der Waals forces thereby stabilizing the colloids. Steric repulsion involves polymers adsorbing onto the surface of the colloid particles forming a protective layer that reduces particle-particle interactions.
03

Hydrophobic Colloid Stabilization

Hydrophobic colloids achieve stabilization by incorporating emulsifying agents. These agents have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts (amphipathic) which reduce surface tension and interfacial tension. The amphipathic molecule gets oriented in such a way that its hydrophilic end is in contact with water and the hydrophobic end is in contact with hydrophobic particle. This amphipathic coating prevents the hydrophobic particles from coming together and hence stabilizes the colloid.

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