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Chapter 15: Problem 34

Classify each of the following species as a weak or strong base: (a) \(\mathrm{LiOH},\) (b) \(\mathrm{CN}^{-},\) (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O},\) (d) \(\mathrm{ClO}_{4}^{-}\), (e) \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}^{-}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) \(\mathrm{LiOH}\) is a strong base, (b) \(\mathrm{CN}^{-}\) is a weak base, (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is a weak base, (d) \(\mathrm{ClO}_{4}^{-}\) is not a base, and (e) \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}^{-}\) is a strong base.

Step by step solution

01

Classify Lithium Hydroxide (\(LiOH\))

\(\mathrm{LiOH}\) is a Group 1 metal hydroxide, it is therefore classified as a strong base.
02

Classify Cyanide Ion (\(\mathrm{CN}^{-}\))

\(\mathrm{CN}^{-}\) does not contain a hydroxide ion (\(OH^-\)), it can accept a proton (H+), so it is classified as a weak base.
03

Classify Water (\(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\))

\(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) can accept a proton (H+) but doesn't do so readily. Hence, water is a weak base.
04

Classify Perchlorate Ion (\(\mathrm{ClO}_{4}^{-}\))

\(\mathrm{ClO}_{4}^{-}\) does not have a hydrogen atom to potentially donate nor does it have the capability to gain protons, hence it is not a base at all.
05

Classify Amide Ion (\(\mathrm{NH}_{2}^{-}\))

\(\mathrm{NH}_{2}^{-}\) can readily accept a proton (H+), so it is classified as a strong base.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A 1.294-g sample of a metal carbonate \(\left(\mathrm{MCO}_{3}\right)\) is reacted with \(500 \mathrm{~mL}\) of a \(0.100 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}\) solution. The excess HCl acid is then neutralized by \(32.80 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.588 M \mathrm{NaOH} .\) Identify \(\mathrm{M}\).

Define salt hydrolysis. Categorize salts according to how they affect the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of a solution.

Calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of a \(0.24 \mathrm{M}\) solution of a weak base with a \(K_{b}\) of \(3.5 \times 10^{-6}\) .

From the relationship \(K_{\mathrm{a}} K_{\mathrm{b}}=K_{\mathrm{w}},\) what can you deduce about the relative strengths of a weak acid and its conjugate base?

Describe the following reaction in terms of the Lewis theory of acids and bases: $$ \mathrm{AlCl}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{CI}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{AlCl}_{4}^{-}(a q) $$
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