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Chapter 16: Problem 9

Which of the following solutions can act as a buffer. (a) \(\mathrm{KCl} / \mathrm{HCl}\), (b) \(\mathrm{KHSO}_{4} / \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{HPO}_{4} /\) \(\mathrm{NaH}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) (d) \(\mathrm{KNO}_{2} / \mathrm{HNO}_{2} ?\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Only options (c) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{HPO}_{4} / \mathrm{NaH}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) and (d) \(\mathrm{KNO}_{2} / \mathrm{HNO}_{2}\) can act as buffers.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Weak Acid and its Salt

At first, look for a solution containing a weak acid and its salt. The weak acid will lose a proton (H+) and turn into its conjugate base, forming a pair.
02

Test Option (a)

\(\mathrm{KCl} / \mathrm{HCl}\): \(\mathrm{HCl}\) is a strong acid, not a weak one, and \(\mathrm{KCl}\) is the salt of a strong base and a strong acid. This combination cannot act as a buffer.
03

Test Option (b)

\(\mathrm{KHSO}_{4} / \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) : \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) is a strong acid and \(\mathrm{KHSO}_{4}\) is its salt. This combination also cannot act as a buffer.
04

Test Option (c)

\(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{HPO}_{4} / \mathrm{NaH}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) : \(\mathrm{NaH}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) is a weak acid and \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{HPO}_{4}\) is its salt. Therefore, they can form a buffer solution.
05

Test Option (d)

\(\mathrm{KNO}_{2} / \mathrm{HNO}_{2}\): \(\mathrm{HNO}_{2}\) is a weak acid and \(\mathrm{KNO}_{2}\) is its salt. They can form a buffer solution.

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