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Chapter 17: Problem 10

Arrange the following substances ( 1 mole each) in order of increasing entropy at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}:\) (a) \(\mathrm{Ne}(g)\), (b) \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}(g),\) (c) \(\mathrm{Na}(s),\) (d) \(\mathrm{NaCl}(s)\) (e) \(\mathrm{H}_{2}(g) .\) Give the reasons for your arrangement.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The substances arranged in increasing order of entropy at \(25^{\circ}C\) are: H2 < Ne < SO2 < Na < NaCl. The arrangement is based on the state (gas vs solid), complexity and molar mass of the substances.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze the State of the Substances

First, segregate the given substances based on their state. The state of a molecule contributes hugely to its entropy. Here, we have three gases (Ne, SO2, H2), one solid (Na), and one ionic compound NaCl which is also a solid. In general, the entropy of gas > liquid > solid. Therefore, all gases will have more entropy than solids at the same conditions. Among the gases, SO2 is a complex molecule (triatomic) and both Ne and H2 are monoatomic. So, the order within gases is SO2 > Ne > H2 based on complexity.
02

Compare the Solids

Now, compare the solid substances, Na and NaCl. Na is a metal and has a lower entropy because it is a pure substance and has a simple structure compared to NaCl which is an ionic compound formed by the reaction of two different substances. Therefore, NaCl has higher entropy than Na.
03

Final Arrangement based on Entropy

Now, putting together the entropy order of gases and solids we have : H2 > Ne > SO2 > Na > NaCl. This is the desired arrangement of substances in increasing order of entropy at \(25^{\circ}C\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

State which of the following processes are spontaneous and which are nonspontaneous:(a) dissolving table salt (NaCl) in hot soup;(b) climbing Mt. Everest; (c) spreading fragrance in a room by removing the cap from a perfume bottle; (d) separating helium and neon from a mixture of the gases.

State whether the sign of the entropy change expected for each of the following processes will be positive or negative, and explain your predictions. (a) \(\mathrm{PCl}_{3}(l)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{PCl}_{5}(s)\) (b) \(2 \mathrm{HgO}(s) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{Hg}(l)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\) (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}(g)\) (d) \(\mathrm{U}(s)+3 \mathrm{~F}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{UF}_{6}(s)\)

Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) are polluting gases contained in automobile exhaust. Under suitable conditions, these gases can be made to react to form nitrogen \(\left(\mathrm{N}_{2}\right)\) and the less harmful carbon dioxide \(\left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right)\). (a) Write an equation for this reaction. (b) Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents. (c) Calculate the \(K_{P}\) for the reaction at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). (d) Under normal atmospheric conditions, the partial pressures are \(P_{\mathrm{N}_{2}}=0.80 \mathrm{~atm}, P_{\mathrm{CO}_{2}}=3.0 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~atm}\) \(P_{\mathrm{CO}}=5.0 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{~atm},\) and \(P_{\mathrm{NO}}=5.0 \times 10^{-7} \mathrm{~atm}\) Calculate \(Q_{P}\) and predict the direction toward which the reaction will proceed. (e) Will raising the temperature favor the formation of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{CO}_{2} ?\)

A student placed \(1 \mathrm{~g}\) of each of three compounds A, B, and C in a container and found that after 1 week no change had occurred. Offer some possible explanations for the fact that no reactions took place. Assume that \(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B},\) and \(\mathrm{C}\) are totally miscible liquids.

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