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Chapter 17: Problem 15

Define free energy. What are its units?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Free energy, in the context of thermodynamics, is a measure of the maximum reversible work a system can do. It's represented by the symbol \( G \) and is calculated using the formula \( G = U + PV - TS \). The SI unit for measuring free energy is the Joule.

Step by step solution

01

Define Free Energy

Free energy is a thermodynamic quantity that measures the maximum amount of reversible work that a thermodynamic system can perform. It is defined by the equation \( G = U + PV - TS \), where \( G \) is the free energy, \( U \) is the internal energy, \( P \) is the pressure, \( V \) is the volume, \( T \) is the temperature, and \( S \) is the entropy.
02

Define the Units for Free Energy

The SI unit for free energy is the Joule, which is the same unit used for other forms of energy.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Arrange the following substances ( 1 mole each) in order of increasing entropy at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}:\) (a) \(\mathrm{Ne}(g)\), (b) \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}(g),\) (c) \(\mathrm{Na}(s),\) (d) \(\mathrm{NaCl}(s)\) (e) \(\mathrm{H}_{2}(g) .\) Give the reasons for your arrangement.

The equilibrium constant \(\left(K_{P}\right)\) for the reaction $$ \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)+\mathrm{CO}(g) $$ is 4.40 at \(2000 \mathrm{~K}\). (a) Calculate \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) for the reaction. (b) Calculate \(\Delta G\) for the reaction when the partial pressures are \(P_{\mathrm{H}_{2}}=0.25 \mathrm{~atm}, P_{\mathrm{CO}_{2}}=0.78 \mathrm{~atm}\) \(P_{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}=0.66 \mathrm{~atm},\) and \(P_{\mathrm{CO}}=1.20 \mathrm{~atm}\)

A student placed \(1 \mathrm{~g}\) of each of three compounds A, B, and C in a container and found that after 1 week no change had occurred. Offer some possible explanations for the fact that no reactions took place. Assume that \(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B},\) and \(\mathrm{C}\) are totally miscible liquids.

Describe two ways that you could measure \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) of a reaction.

Explain what is meant by a spontaneous process. Give two examples each of spontaneous and nonspontaneous processes.
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