Chapter 17: Problem 95
Entropy has sometimes been described as "time's arrow" because it is the property that determines the forward direction of time. Explain.
Chapter 17: Problem 95
Entropy has sometimes been described as "time's arrow" because it is the property that determines the forward direction of time. Explain.
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Calculate \(K_{P}\) for the following reaction at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) $$ \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{I}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{HI}(g) \quad \Delta G^{\circ}=2.60 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} $$
The internal engine of a 1200 -kg car is designed to run on octane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}\right),\) whose enthalpy of combustion is \(5510 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\). If the car is moving up a slope, calculate the maximum height (in meters) to which the car can be driven on 1.0 gallon of the fuel. Assume that the engine cylinder temperature is \(2200^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and the exit temperature is \(760^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) and neglect all forms of friction. The mass of 1 gallon of fuel is \(3.1 \mathrm{~kg} .\) [Hint: See the Chemistry in Action essay "The Efficiency of Heat Engines" in Section \(17.5 .\) The work done in moving the car over a vertical distance is \(m g h,\) where \(m\) is the mass of the car in \(\mathrm{kg}\), \(g\) the acceleration due to gravity \(\left(9.81 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\right),\) and \(h\) the height in meters.]
Explain the difference between \(\Delta G\) and \(\Delta G^{\circ} .\)
Explain what is meant by a spontaneous process. Give two examples each of spontaneous and nonspontaneous processes.
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