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Chapter 19: Problem 17
For each pair of elements listed, predict which one has more stable isotopes: (a) Co or \(\mathrm{Ni}\), (b) \(\mathrm{F}\) or Se, (c) Ag or Cd.
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A freshly isolated sample of \({ }^{90} \mathrm{Y}\) was found to have an activity of \(9.8 \times 10^{5}\) disintegrations per minute at 1: 00 P.M. on December 3,2003 . At 2: 15 P.M. on December \(17,2003,\) its activity was redetermined and found to be \(2.6 \times 10^{4}\) disintegrations per minute. Calculate the half-life of \({ }^{90} \mathrm{Y}\).
State the general rules for predicting nuclear stability.
As of \(2011,\) elements 113 through 118 have all been synthesized. Element 113 (Uut) was formed by the alpha decay of element 115 (Uup); element 114 (Uuq) was created by bombarding \({ }^{244} \mathrm{Pu}\) with \({ }^{48} \mathrm{Ca}\); element 115 (Uup) was created by bombarding \({ }^{243} \mathrm{Am}\) with \({ }^{48} \mathrm{Ca}\); element 116 (Uuh) was created by bombarding \({ }^{248} \mathrm{Cm}\) with \({ }^{48} \mathrm{Ca}\); element 117 (Uus) was created by bombarding \({ }^{249} \mathrm{Bk}\) with \({ }^{48} \mathrm{Ca} ;\) element 118 (Uuo) was created by bombarding \({ }^{249} \mathrm{Cf}\) with \({ }^{48} \mathrm{Ca}\). Write an equation for each synthesis. Predict the chemical properties of these elements. (Before transuranium elements are given proper names, they are temporarily assigned three-letter symbols all starting with U.)
The constituents of wine contain, among others, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. A bottle of wine was sealed about 6 yr ago. To confirm its age, which of the isotopes would you choose in a radioactive dating study? The half-lives of the isotopes are \({ }^{13} \mathrm{C}: 5730 \mathrm{yr} ;{ }^{15} \mathrm{O}: 124 \mathrm{~s} ;{ }^{3} \mathrm{H}: 12.5 \mathrm{yr} .\) Assume that the activities of the isotopes were known at the time the bottle was sealed.
Define nuclear binding energy, mass defect, and nucleon.
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