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Chapter 19: Problem 44

Explain the functions of a moderator and a control rod in a nuclear reactor.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The moderator in a nuclear reactor slows down the neutrons to increase the effectiveness of fission reactions, while control rods absorb excess neutrons to control the pace of the reaction and prevent it from getting out of control. Both components together ensure the safe and efficient operation of the reactor.

Step by step solution

01

Explain the function of a Moderator

The prime function of a moderator in a nuclear reactor is to slow down the neutrons produced during nuclear fission. Fast neutrons are not very efficient at causing further fission reactions because they tend to pass straight through the nucleus of the fuel atoms. By slowing down these neutrons, the moderator ensures that more fission events occur which is beneficial for the continuation of the chain reaction.
02

Explain the function of a Control Rod

Control rods in a nuclear reactor are used to control the fission reaction by regulating the number of free neutrons. They are made of materials that absorb neutrons, like boron, cadmium, or hafnium, without themselves undergoing fission. When inserted into the reactor, these rods absorb more neutrons, slowing down or even stopping the reaction. Conversely, when they are withdrawn, more neutrons are available to trigger fission, and the reaction accelerates.
03

Reflect on the interrelation of both

Both moderators and control rods are essential for the safe and efficient operation of a nuclear reactor. While the moderator's role is to enhance the efficiency of fission by slowing down the neutrons, the control rods ensure the reaction does not get out of control by absorbing excess neutrons. In fact, the operators can control the power output of the reactor by carefully adjusting the position of the control rods in the reactor core. This makes it possible to maintain a stable and consistent energy production.

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