Chapter 19: Problem 82
Sources of energy on Earth include fossil fuels, geothermal, gravitational, hydroelectric, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, solar, wind. Which of these have a "nuclear origin," either directly or indirectly?
Chapter 19: Problem 82
Sources of energy on Earth include fossil fuels, geothermal, gravitational, hydroelectric, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, solar, wind. Which of these have a "nuclear origin," either directly or indirectly?
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Get started for freeWhy do heavy elements such as uranium undergo fission while light elements such as hydrogen and lithium undergo fusion?
Cobalt- 60 is an isotope used in diagnostic medicine and cancer treatment. It decays with \(\gamma\) ray emission. Calculate the wavelength of the radiation in nanometers if the energy of the \(\gamma\) ray is \(2.4 \times 10^{-13} \mathrm{~J} /\) photon.
The quantity of a radioactive material is often measured by its activity (measured in curies or millicuries) rather than by its mass. In a brain scan procedure, a \(70-\mathrm{kg}\) patient is injected with \(20.0 \mathrm{mCi}\) of \({ }^{99 \mathrm{~m}} \mathrm{Tc},\) which decays by emitting \(\gamma\) -ray photons with a half-life of \(6.0 \mathrm{~h}\). Given that the \(\mathrm{RBE}\) of these photons is 0.98 and only two-thirds of the photons are absorbed by the body, calculate the rem dose received by the patient. Assume all of the \({ }^{99 \mathrm{~m}} \mathrm{Tc}\) nuclei decay while in the body. The energy of a gamma photon is \(2.29 \times 10^{-14} \mathrm{~J}\).
In the thorium decay series, thorium- 232 loses a total of \(6 \alpha\) particles and \(4 \beta\) particles in a 10 -stage process. What is the final isotope produced?
Complete the following nuclear equations and identify \(\mathrm{X}\) in each case: (a) \({ }_{53}^{135} \mathrm{I} \longrightarrow{ }_{54}^{135} \mathrm{Xe}+\mathrm{X}\) (b) \({ }_{19}^{40} \mathrm{~K} \longrightarrow{ }_{-1}^{0} \beta+\mathrm{X}\) (c) \({ }_{27}^{59} \mathrm{Co}+{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n} \longrightarrow{ }_{25}^{56} \mathrm{Mn}+\mathrm{X}\) (d) \({ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n} \longrightarrow{ }_{40}^{99} \mathrm{Zr}+{ }_{52}^{135} \mathrm{Te}+2 \mathrm{X}\).
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