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Chapter 2: Problem 36

Give the number of protons and electrons in each of the following common ions: \(\mathrm{K}^{+}, \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}, \mathrm{Fe}^{3+}, \mathrm{Br}^{-}\) \(\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}, \mathrm{C}^{4-}, \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The numbers of protons and electrons for the ions \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\), \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\), \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\), \(\mathrm{Br}^{-}\), \(\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}\), \(\mathrm{C}^{4-}\), \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) are as follows respectively: Protons: 19, 12, 26, 35, 25, 6, 29. Electrons: 18, 10, 23, 36, 23, 10, 27.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying Atomic Numbers For Given Ions

Identify the atomic number of atoms for the ions given. Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. We can use the periodic table for this. For \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\), \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\), \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\), \(\mathrm{Br}^{-}\), \(\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}\), \(\mathrm{C}^{4-}\), \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\), the atomic numbers (number of protons) are 19, 12, 26, 35, 25, 6 and 29 respectively.
02

Calculating Number of Electrons for Each Ion

The charge of an ion tells us whether electrons have been lost or gained. A positive charge shows a loss of electrons, and a negative charge shows a gain. To calculate the number of electrons in each ion, subtract the charge from the number of protons for positive ions or add the absolute value of the charge to the number of protons for negative ions. For \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\), \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\), \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\), \(\mathrm{Br}^{-}\), \(\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}\), \(\mathrm{C}^{4-}\), \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\), the numbers of electrons are 18, 10, 23, 36, 23, 10 and 27 respectively.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write the molecular formula of glycine, an amino acid present in proteins. The color codes are: black (carbon), blue (nitrogen), red (oxygen), and gray (hydrogen).

The following table gives numbers of electrons, protons, and neutrons in atoms or ions of a number of elements. Answer the following: (a) Which of the species are neutral? (b) Which are negatively charged? (c) Which are positively charged? (d) What are the conventional symbols for all the species? $$ \begin{array}{lccccccc} \begin{array}{l} \text { Atom or Ion } \\ \text { of Element } \end{array} & \mathbf{A} & \mathbf{B} & \mathbf{C} & \mathbf{D} & \mathbf{E} & \mathbf{F} & \mathbf{G} \\ \hline \text { Number of electrons } & 5 & 10 & 18 & 28 & 36 & 5 & 9 \\ \text { Number of protons } & 5 & 7 & 19 & 30 & 35 & 5 & 9 \\ \text { Number of neutrons } & 5 & 7 & 20 & 36 & 46 & 6 & 10 \\ \hline \end{array} $$

What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?

Roughly speaking, the radius of an atom is about 10,000 times greater than that of its nucleus. If an atom were magnified so that the radius of its nucleus became \(2.0 \mathrm{~cm},\) about the size of a marble, what would be the radius of the atom in miles? \((1 \mathrm{mi}=1609 \mathrm{~m} .)\)

Which of the following symbols provides more information about the atom: \({ }^{23} \mathrm{Na}\) or \({ }_{11} \mathrm{Na}\) ? Explain.
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