Chapter 2: Problem 66

In which one of the following pairs do the two species resemble each other most closely in chemical properties? Explain. (a) \({ }_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H}\) and \({ }_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H}^{+},\) (b) \({ }_{7}^{14} \mathrm{~N}\) and \({ }_{7}^{14} \mathrm{~N}^{3-},(\mathrm{c}){ }_{6}^{12} \mathrm{C}\) and \({ }_{6}^{13} \mathrm{C}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified

The species \({ }_{6}^{12} \mathrm{C}\) and \({ }_{6}^{13} \mathrm{C}\) in pair (c) resemble each other most closely in terms of chemical properties. This is because they are isotopes, and isotopes of the same element exhibit the same chemical behavior.

Step by step solution

Examination of Pair A

The first pair is a \({ }_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H}\) atom and a \({ }_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H}^{+}\) ion. When a hydrogen atom loses an electron to form a \({ }_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H}^{+}\) ion, it is left with no electrons. Since chemical properties are largely determined by electron configurations, these two species have significantly different chemical properties.

Examination of Pair B

The second pair is a \({ }_{7}^{14} \mathrm{~N}\) atom and a \({ }_{7}^{14} \mathrm{~N}^{3-}\) ion. When a nitrogen atom gains three electrons to form a \({ }_{7}^{14} \mathrm{~N}^{3-}\) ion, it significantly alters its electron configuration. Thus, these two species will have different chemical properties.

Examination of Pair C

The third pair consists of two isotopes: \({ }_{6}^{12} \mathrm{C}\) and \({ }_{6}^{13} \mathrm{C}\). Being isotopes, they have the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons. However, the number of neutrons does not significantly affect the electron configuration or the chemical properties. Hence, these two isotopes would have the same or almost the same chemical properties.

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Examination of Pair A

Examination of Pair B

Examination of Pair C

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