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Chapter 2: Problem 75

Each of the following pairs of elements will react to form an ionic compound. Write the formulas and name these compounds: (a) barium and oxygen, (b) calcium and phosphorus, (c) aluminum and sulfur, (d) lithium and nitrogen.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) BaO, barium oxide, (b) Ca3P2, calcium phosphide, (c) Al2S3, aluminum sulfide, (d) Li3N, lithium nitride.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the ionic charges

First, identify the charges and valences of each element based on the periodic table. Barium (Ba) and oxygen (O) are +2 and -2, respectively. Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are +2 and -3, respectively. Aluminum (Al) and sulfur (S) are +3 and -2, respectively. Lastly, lithium (Li) and nitrogen (N) are +1 and -3, respectively.
02

Balance the charges to form formulas

In an ionic compound, the total positive charge must balance the total negative charge. (a) Ba and O can form a compound directly as the charges are equal and opposite. Formula: BaO. (b) With Ca and P, we need three Ca ions to balance two P ions. Formula: Ca3P2.(c) For Al and S, two Al ions balance three S ions. Formula: Al2S3. (d) Li and N require three Li ions to balance one N ion. Formula: Li3N.
03

Name the compounds

Naming these compounds involves providing the name of the cation (metal) first and then the anion (non-metal) with the ending changed to 'ide'. (a) BaO = barium oxide(b) Ca3P2 = calcium phosphide(c) Al2S3 = aluminum sulfide(d) Li3N = lithium nitride.

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