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Chapter 2: Problem 98

Predict the formula and name of a binary compound formed from the following elements: (a) \(\mathrm{Na}\) and \(\mathrm{H},\) (b) \(\mathrm{B}\) and \(\mathrm{O},\) (c) \(\mathrm{Na}\) and \(\mathrm{S},\) (d) \(\mathrm{Al}\) and \(\mathrm{F},(\mathrm{e}) \mathrm{F}\) and \(\mathrm{O},\) (f) \(\mathrm{Sr}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
The predicted compounds are (a) \(\mathrm{NaH}\) -------- Sodium Hydride, (b) \(\mathrm{B_2O_3}\) -------- Boron Trioxide, (c) \(\mathrm{Na_2S}\) ------- Sodium Sulfide, (d) \(\mathrm{AlF_3}\) ------ Aluminum Fluoride, (e) \(\mathrm{OF_2}\) ------- Oxygen Difluoride, (f) \(\mathrm{SrCl_2}\) ------ Strontium Chloride.

Step by step solution

01

Predict the compound for Na and H

Sodium (Na) is in Group 1 and will form a +1 ion. Hydrogen (H) is in Group 1 and will form a -1 ion. Therefore, they will combine in a 1:1 ratio to form \(\mathrm{NaH}\). In IUPAC naming, this binary compound is called Sodium Hydride.
02

Predict the compound for B and O

Boron (B) is in Group 13 and will form a +3 ion. Oxygen (O) is in Group 16 and will form a -2 ion. Therefore, they need to balance each other's charge to form a neutral compound. The formula will be \(\mathrm{B_2O_3}\). The compound is called Boron Trioxide.
03

Predict the compound for Na and S

Sodium (Na) is in Group 1 and will form a +1 ion. Sulfur (S) is in Group 16 and will form a -2 ion. To balance the charges, two sodium ions will combine with one sulfur ion, forming \(\mathrm{Na_2S}\). In IUPAC naming, it's called Sodium Sulfide.
04

Predict the compound for Al and F

Aluminium (Al) is in Group 13 and will form a +3 ion. Fluorine (F) is in Group 17 and forms a -1 ion. Therefore, one aluminium ion will combine with three fluorine ions to form \(\mathrm{AlF_3}\). The IUPAC name for the compound is Aluminum Fluoride.
05

Predict the compound for F and O

Fluorine (F) is in group 17 and forms a -1 ion, while Oxygen (O) in group 16 forms a -2 ion. Since fluorine is more electronegative, it is named first and treated as a cation in this scenario, and will form the compound \(\mathrm{OF_2}\), Oxygen Difluoride.
06

Predict the compound for Sr and Cl

Strontium (Sr) is in Group 2 and will form a +2 ion. Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 17 and will form -1 ion. Therefore, one ion of Strontium will combine with two ions of Chlorine to form \(\mathrm{SrCl_2}\). In IUPAC naming, it's called Strontium Chloride.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Describe Rutherford's experiment and how it led to the structure of the atom. How was he able to estimate the number of protons in a nucleus from the scattering of the \(\alpha\) particles? (b) Consider the \({ }^{23} \mathrm{Na}\) atom. Given that the radius and mass of the nucleus are \(3.04 \times 10^{-15} \mathrm{~m}\) and \(3.82 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{~g},\) respectively, calculate the density of the nucleus in \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\). The radius of a \({ }^{23} \mathrm{Na}\) atom is \(186 \mathrm{pm}\). Calculate the density of the space occupied by the electrons in the sodium atom. Do your results support Rutherford's model of an atom? [The volume of a sphere of ra\(\operatorname{dius} r\) is \(\left.(4 / 3) \pi r^{3} \cdot\right]\)

(a) Assuming nuclei are spherical in shape, show that its radius \(r\) is proportional to the cube root of mass number \((A)\). (b) In general, the radius of a nucleus is given by \(r=r_{0} A^{1 / 3},\) where \(r_{0}\) is a proportionality constant given by \(1.2 \times 10^{-15} \mathrm{~m} .\) Calculate the volume of the \({ }_{3}^{7} \mathrm{Li}\) nucleus. (c) Given that the radius of a Li atom is \(152 \mathrm{pm},\) calculate the fraction of the atom's volume occupied by the nucleus. Does your result support Rutherford's model of an atom?

Identify each of the following elements: (a) a halogen whose anion contains 36 electrons, (b) a radioactive noble gas with 86 protons, (c) a Group \(6 \mathrm{~A}\) element whose anion contains 36 electrons, (d) an alkali metal cation that contains 36 electrons, (e) a Group 4A cation that contains 80 electrons.

State two differences between a metal and a nonmetal.

Define the following terms: (a) \(\alpha\) particle, (b) \(\beta\) particle, (c) \(\gamma\) ray, (d) X ray.
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