Chapter 20: Problem 29

What are the effects of volcanic eruptions on climate?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Volcanic eruptions can have significant effects on climate. They release large amounts of ash and gases into the atmosphere that can reflect sunlight back into space, causing the earth's temperature to drop. The scale of this effect can vary, with large eruptions potentially causing significant cooling for several years.

Step by step solution

Understanding the Nature of Volcanoes

A volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth. When pressure builds up, eruptions can occur, resulting in the release of gases and ash into the environment.

Discuss the Emission of Ash and Gases

During an eruption, large amounts of volcanic ash and gases are released into the atmosphere. These gases (particularly sulfur dioxide) can have a cooling effect on the earth's climate because they form aerosols in the stratosphere which reflect sunlight back into space.

Discuss the Impact on Global Climate

The impact on global climate can vary depending on the scale of the eruption. Large-scale eruptions can lead to significant cooling for several years. On a smaller scale, the effect is often local and temporary.

Discuss Historical Examples

Historically, there are many examples to prove that volcanic eruptions can affect the climate. One of the most significant was the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 which caused global temperatures to drop by about 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) over the course of a year.

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What are the effects of volcanic eruptions on climate?

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Understanding the Nature of Volcanoes

Discuss the Emission of Ash and Gases

Discuss the Impact on Global Climate

Discuss Historical Examples

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