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Chapter 20: Problem 67

Briefly describe the harmful effects of the following substances: \(\mathrm{O}_{3}, \mathrm{SO}_{2}, \mathrm{NO}_{2}, \mathrm{CO}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOONO}_{2}\) (PAN), Rn.

Short Answer

Expert verified
O3 can cause respiratory issues and is a component of smog. SO2 leads to respiratory problems and contributes to acid rain. NO2 also causes respiratory problems, contributes to smog and acid rain. CO can cause nausea, unconsciousness, and death in high levels. CH3COOONO2 leads to eye irritation, respiratory problems, and vegetation damage. Rn exposure can lead to lung cancer.

Step by step solution

01

O3 (Ozone)

Ozone (O3), while beneficial in the stratosphere as it protects from harmful ultraviolet rays, at ground level it is harmful. It is a major component of smog and can cause respiratory problems, like coughing, throat irritation and inflammation of the airways.
02

SO2 (Sulfur Dioxide)

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), is a gas that is harmful when inhaled. It may cause respiratory issues, including bronchoconstriction and increased asthma symptoms. It also contributes to the formation of acid rain which damages forests, and aquatic life.
03

NO2 (Nitrogen Dioxide)

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), also contributes to respiratory problems and the formation of smog and acid rain. It can cause lung inflammation and reduces immunity to lung infections.
04

CO (Carbon Monoxide)

Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas that can be deadly. It binds to hemoglobin in the bloodstream, reducing its ability to carry oxygen. In closed environments, high levels of CO can cause nausea, unconsciousness, and even death.
05

CH3COOONO2 (PAN)

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH3COOONO2) is a harmful compound often present in smog. It leads to eye irritation, respiratory problems, and damages plant tissues and reduces crop yields.
06

Rn (Radon)

Radon (Rn) is a radioactive gas. It is colorless, odorless and tasteless. Long-term exposure to radon can lead to lung cancer. It is the second most common cause of lung cancer after smoking.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Describe the removal of \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) by \(\mathrm{CaO}\) (to form \(\mathrm{CaSO}_{3}\) ) in terms of a Lewis acid-base reaction.

The concentration of \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) in the troposphere over a certain region is 0.16 ppm by volume. The gas dissolves in rainwater as follows: $$ \mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{HSO}_{3}^{-}(a q) $$ Given that the equilibrium constant for the preceding reaction is \(1.3 \times 10^{-2},\) calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of the rainwater. Assume that the reaction does not affect the partial pressure of \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\).

The \(\mathrm{HO}_{3}\) radical was once thought of as a temporary reservoir of atmospheric OH radicals. Draw a Lewis structure of the species.

List three detrimental effects of acid rain.

The green color observed in aurora borealis is produced by the emission of a photon by an electronically excited oxygen atom at \(558 \mathrm{nm}\). Calculate the energy difference between the two levels involved in the emission process.
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