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Chapter 21: Problem 20

Briefly discuss the nature of bonding in metals, insulators, and semiconducting elements.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Metals have free-moving electrons leading to high conductivity, insulators have tightly bound electrons that prohibit conductivity, and semiconductors have a combination structure that allows intermediate conductivity.

Step by step solution

01

Discuss Bonding in Metals

In metals, atoms are tightly packed together in a lattice formation, but the electrons are not tightly bound to any specific atom, meaning they're free to move around, which we call a 'sea of electrons.' This leads to the high thermal and electrical conductivity seen in metals.
02

Discuss Bonding in Insulators

In insulators, the electrons are tightly bound to specific atoms, preventing them from moving freely. This structure is called 'covalent bonding.' Because of this, insulators don't conduct heat or electricity well.
03

Discuss Bonding in Semiconducting Elements

Semiconductors have an intermediate level of conductivity that's between metals and insulators. In pure semiconductors, each electron is typically associated with a specific atom, similar to insulators, forming a covalent bond. However, due to the structure, they can gain more energy, break free from their atoms, and move around, thus creating conductivity.

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