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Chapter 21: Problem 67

Predict the chemical properties of francium, the last member of Group 1A.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Francium, as the last member of Group 1A, has high reactivity, low ionization energy, large atomic size, and high metallic properties. It forms a +1 cation (Fr+), and reacts vigorously with water.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Group 1A Elements

Group 1A elements, also known as alkali metals, include lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). All alkali metals have one electron in their outermost energy level, which they tend to lose to achieve a stable configuration, thus forming +1 ions.
02

Noting Periodic Trends

As you move down Group 1A, atomic size increases because the number of electron shells increases. Ionization energy (energy required to remove an electron) decreases because the valence electron is farther from the nucleus and is less attracted to it, increasing reactivity. Metallic properties also increase because of more electron shells.
03

Predicting Francium's Properties

Given its position as the last element in Group 1A, Francium possesses a large atomic size, low ionization energy, high metallic property, and high reactivity, more than any other alkali metal. It is expected to readily lose its valence electron to form a +1 cation (Fr+). Due to its very high reactivity, it reacts explosively with water.

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