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Chapter 22: Problem 65

Draw molecular orbital energy level diagrams for \(\mathrm{O}_{2}, \mathrm{O}_{2}^{-},\) and \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{2-}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
The molecular orbital energy level diagrams for \(O_{2}, O_{2}^{-}\), and \(O_{2}^{2-}\) will illustrate the distribution of electrons among various energy levels in the molecules based on their electron configuration and the principles of molecular orbital theory. The energy level diagram for each molecule varies according to the number of electrons in each molecule.

Step by step solution

01

Determine the Total Number of Electrons

Firstly, identify the number of valence electrons for each molecule. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons. So, an \(O_{2}\) molecule has 12 electrons, \(O_{2}^{-}\) has 13 electrons due to the extra electron from the negative charge, and \(O_{2}^{2-}\) has 14 electrons because of the two extra electrons from the double negative charge.
02

Draw the MO Energy Level Diagram

Next, begin drawing the MO energy level diagram for each molecule. Start from the bottom with the lowest energy level, 1σ. The order for \(O_{2}\) and molecules with more than 14 electrons is: 1σ, 2σ, 1π, 3σ, 1π*, 2σ*
03

Fill the Energy Levels

Fill the energy levels in accordance with Aufbau's principle, Pauli's Exclusion Principle, and Hund's Rule. The Aufbau principle states that the electrons fill from lowest to highest energy level. Pauli's Exclusion Principle states that each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons with their spins in opposite directions. According to Hund's Rule, each degenerate orbital (orbitals with same energy) is singly occupied before doubly occupation occurs.
04

Repeat For Each Molecule

Repeat the process for each molecule, i.e., \(O_{2}^{-}\) and \(O_{2}^{2-}\). Each energy level should be filled according to the number of electrons in the specific molecule.

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