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Chapter 22: Problem 7

Hydrogen exhibits three types of bonding in its compounds. Describe each type of bonding with an example.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Hydrogen exhibits three types of bonding: covalent, hydrogen, and metallic bonding. An example of covalent bonding is the hydrogen molecule (H2) where two hydrogen atoms share electrons. In water (H2O), hydrogen's connection to oxygen, an electronegative atom, allows for hydrogen bonding. Metallic bonding is observed under high-pressure conditions leading hydrogen to behave like a metal, as in the inner core of planets like Jupiter.

Step by step solution

01

Covalent Bonding

Covalent bonding occurs when two atoms share a pair of electrons. These bonds usually form between nonmetal atoms. In the case of hydrogen, an example of covalent bonding is the hydrogen molecule (H2). In \(H_2\), two hydrogen atoms share a pair of electrons, creating a covalent bond between them.
02

Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bonding is a specific type of dipole-dipole attraction that occurs between a hydrogen atom bound to a highly electronegative atom and another electronegative atom. An example of this is seen in water (\(H_2O\)). Here, hydrogen atoms are bonded covalently with oxygen (an electronegative atom). The difference in electronegativity leads to a dipole-dipole attraction with another nearby water molecule, resulting in a hydrogen bond.
03

Metallic Bonding

Metallic bonding is a bond type where many atoms share their valence electrons and form a sea of electrons resulting in the establishment of strong electrostatic forces. An example of hydrogen's metallic bonding can be observed during very high pressure conditions that force it to behave as a metal. This is observed in the inner core of large planets like Jupiter where hydrogen is thought to form a metallic core due to the enormous pressure.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions: (a) Heating phosphorous acid yields phosphoric acid and phosphine \(\left(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\right) .\) (b) Lithium carbide reacts with hydrochloric acid to give lithium chloride and methane. (c) Bubbling HI gas through an aqueous solution of \(\mathrm{HNO}_{2}\) yields molecular iodine and nitric oxide. (d) Hydrogen sulfide is oxidized by chlorine to give \(\mathrm{HCl}\) and \(\mathrm{SCl}_{2}\).

Draw molecular orbital energy level diagrams for \(\mathrm{O}_{2}, \mathrm{O}_{2}^{-},\) and \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{2-}\).

Explain why two \(\mathrm{N}\) atoms can form a double bond or a triple bond, whereas two \(\mathrm{P}\) atoms normally can form only a single bond.

Describe two reactions in which sulfuric acid acts as an oxidizing agent.

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