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Chapter 22: Problem 71

Sulfuric acid is a dehydrating agent. Write balanced equations for the reactions between sulfuric acid and the following substances: (a) \(\mathrm{HCOOH}\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) (c) \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\), (d) \(\mathrm{HClO}_{3}\). (Hint: Sulfuric acid is not decomposed by the dehydrating action.)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The balanced chemical reactions are: For (a) \[\mathrm{HCOOH} + \mathrm{H_2SO_4} \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2 + \mathrm{2H_2O} + \mathrm{HSO_4^{-}}\]; for (b) \[2\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4} + \mathrm{H_2SO_4} \rightarrow \mathrm{P}_2\mathrm{O}_5 + 5\mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{HSO_4^{-}}\]; for (c) \[\mathrm{HNO}_{3} + \mathrm{H_2SO_4} \rightarrow \mathrm{NO}_2 + \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{HSO_4^{-}}\]; for (d) \[\mathrm{HClO}_{3} + \mathrm{H_2SO_4} \rightarrow \mathrm{ClO}_2 + \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{HSO_4^{-}}\].

Step by step solution

01

Reaction with \(\mathrm{HCOOH}\)

The equation for this reaction is \(\mathrm{HCOOH} + \mathrm{H_2SO_4} \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2 + \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{HSO_4^{-}}\). The balanced equation becomes \(\mathrm{HCOOH} + \mathrm{H_2SO_4} \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2 + \mathrm{2H_2O} + \mathrm{HSO_4^{-}}\). In this reaction one molecule of formic acid reacts with one molecule of sulfuric acid to form one molecule of carbon dioxide, two molecules of water and one molecule of hydrogen sulfate.
02

Reaction with \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\)

The equation is \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4} + \mathrm{H_2SO_4} \rightarrow \mathrm{P}_2\mathrm{O}_5 + \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{HSO_4^{-}}\). All atoms are balanced except for Phosphorus (P) and Oxygen (O), the balanced equation is \(2\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4} + \mathrm{H_2SO_4} \rightarrow \mathrm{P}_2\mathrm{O}_5 + 5\mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{HSO_4^{-}}\). Two molecules of phosphoric acid react with sulfuric acid, producing diphosphorus pentoxide, five molecules of water and hydrogen sulfate.
03

Reaction with \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\)

The equation for this reaction is \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3} + \mathrm{H_2SO_4} \rightarrow \mathrm{NO}_2 + \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{HSO_4^{-}}\). This reaction is already balanced. One molecule of nitric acid reacts with sulfuric acid to form nitrogen dioxide, water and hydrogen sulfate.
04

Reaction with \(\mathrm{HClO}_{3}\)

The equation for this reaction is \(\mathrm{HClO}_{3} + \mathrm{H_2SO_4} \rightarrow \mathrm{ClO}_2 + \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{HSO_4^{-}}\). This reaction is already balanced. One molecule of chloric acid reacts with sulfuric acid to form chlorine dioxide, water and hydrogen sulfate.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the change in oxidation number for the following reaction? $$3 \mathrm{O}_{2} \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{O}_{3}$$

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