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Chapter 22: Problem 89

Use the VSEPR method to predict the geometries of the following species: (a) \(\mathrm{I}_{3}^{-},\) (b) \(\mathrm{SiCl}_{4},\) (c) \(\mathrm{PF}_{5}\), (d) \(\mathrm{SF}_{4}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
The predicted geometries of the species are: (a) I3- is linear, (b) SiCl4 is tetrahedral, (c) PF5 is trigonal bipyramidal, (d) SF4 is see-saw.

Step by step solution

01

Prediction of (a) I3- Geometry

Identify iodine (I) as the central atom, surrounded by three other iodines and one additional lone pair of electrons. This results in a total of five electron groups around the central atom, which suggests a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement. However, due to the presence of a lone pair, the shape deviates from an ideal trigonal bipyramid, leading to a linear geometry.
02

Prediction of (b) SiCl4 Geometry

Identify silicon (Si) as the central atom, surrounded by four chlorine (Cl) atoms, with no additional pairs of electrons. All four electron groups are bonded pairs, implying a tetrahedral geometry around the central atom.
03

Prediction of (c) PF5 Geometry

Identify phosphorus (P) as the central atom, surrounded by five fluorine (F) atoms and no extra pairs of electrons. All five groups of electrons are bonded pairs, which suggests a trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the central atom.
04

Prediction of (d) SF4 Geometry

Identify sulfur (S) as the central atom, surrounded by four fluorine (F) atoms and one additional lone pair of electrons. This results in five electron groups around the central atom, implying a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement. However, due to the presence of a lone pair, the shape deviates from an ideal trigonal bipyramid, leading to a see-saw geometry.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Two solutions are labeled A and B. Solution A contains \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) and solution \(\mathrm{B}\) contains \(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}\). Describe how you would distinguish between the two solutions if you were provided with a \(\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}\) solution. (Hint: You need to know the solubilities of \(\mathrm{MgCO}_{3}\) and \(\mathrm{MgHCO}_{3}\).)

Draw a Lewis structure for the \(\mathrm{C}_{2}^{2-}\) ion.

At \(620 \mathrm{~K}\) the vapor density of ammonium chloride relative to hydrogen \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{2}\right)\) under the same conditions of temperature and pressure is \(14.5,\) although, according to its formula mass, it should have a vapor density of \(26.8 .\) How would you account for this discrepancy?

Iodine pentoxide, \(\mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\), is sometimes used to remove carbon monoxide from the air by forming carbon dioxide and iodine. Write a balanced equation for this reaction and identify species that are oxidized and reduced.

Hydrogen fluoride can be prepared by the action of sulfuric acid on sodium fluoride. Explain why hydrogen bromide cannot be prepared by the action of the same acid on sodium bromide.
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