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Chapter 22: Problem 91

Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions: (a) Heating phosphorous acid yields phosphoric acid and phosphine \(\left(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\right) .\) (b) Lithium carbide reacts with hydrochloric acid to give lithium chloride and methane. (c) Bubbling HI gas through an aqueous solution of \(\mathrm{HNO}_{2}\) yields molecular iodine and nitric oxide. (d) Hydrogen sulfide is oxidized by chlorine to give \(\mathrm{HCl}\) and \(\mathrm{SCl}_{2}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
The balanced equations are: (a) \(4H_{3}PO_{3} \rightarrow 3H_{3}PO_{4} + PH_{3}\) (b) \(Li_{2}C_{2} + 2HCl \rightarrow 2LiCl + CH_{4}\) (c) \(2HI + HNO_{2} \rightarrow 2NO + I_{2}\) (d) \(H_{2}S + Cl_{2} \rightarrow 2HCl + SCl_{2}\)

Step by step solution

01

Balancing Reaction (a)

The first task is to translate the reaction from words to a chemical formula. From the exercise, we know that:phosphorous acid = \(H_{3}PO_{3}\),phosphoric acid = \(H_{3}PO_{4}\), and phosphine = \(PH_{3}\).Hence, the unbalanced reaction would be:\(H_{3}PO_{3} \rightarrow H_{3}PO_{4} + PH_{3}\).To balance the equation, add a coefficient of 4 before the reactant \(H_{3}PO_{3}\) and the product \(PH_{3}\).So, the balanced equation would be: \(4H_{3}PO_{3} \rightarrow 3H_{3}PO_{4} + PH_{3}\)
02

Balancing Reaction (b)

The chemicals are lithium carbide = \(Li_{2}C_{2}\), hydrochloric acid = \(HCl\), lithium chloride = \(LiCl\), and methane = \(CH_{4}\).So, the unbalanced reaction is:\(Li_{2}C_{2} + HCl \rightarrow LiCl + CH_{4}\).To balance the equation, add coefficients of 2 before \(HCl\) and \(LiCl\).The balanced equation is: \(Li_{2}C_{2} + 2HCl \rightarrow 2LiCl + CH_{4}\)
03

Balancing Reaction (c)

The chemicals are \(\mathrm{HI}\), \(\mathrm{HNO}_{2}\), iodine = \(I_{2}\), and nitric oxide = \(\mathrm{NO}\).The unbalanced reaction is: \(\mathrm{HI} + \mathrm{HNO}_{2} \rightarrow I_{2} + NO\).To balance this reaction, add coefficients of 2 before \(\mathrm{HI}\), \(\mathrm{I}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{NO}\).The balanced equation is: \(2\mathrm{HI} + \mathrm{HNO}_{2} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{NO} + I_{2}\)
04

Balancing Reaction (d)

The chemicals are hydrogen sulfide = \(H_{2}S\), chlorine = \(Cl_{2}\), hydrogen chloride = \(HCl\), and sulfur dichloride = \(SCl_{2}\).The unbalanced reaction is:\(H_{2}S + Cl_{2} \rightarrow HCl + SCl_{2}\).To balance this, add a coefficient of 2 before \(HCl\).Final balanced equation: \(H_{2}S + Cl_{2} \rightarrow 2HCl + SCl_{2}\)

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