Chapter 22: Problem 98

Consider the Frasch process. (a) How is it possible to heat water well above \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) without turning it into steam? (b) Why is water sent down the outermost pipe? (c) Why would excavating a mine and digging for sulfur be a dangerous procedure for obtaining the element?

Short Answer

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The Frasch process leverages the principles of pressure and temperature to extract sulfur. Superheated water, kept liquid by pressure, is sent down the outermost pipe to melt sulfur, which is then safely extracted. Traditional sulfur mining is hazardous due to risks of cave-ins, exposure to toxic gases, and potential fires or explosions.

Step by step solution

Understanding Superheated Water

Water can be heated well above its boiling point without evaporating into steam when it's under high pressure, preventing the water molecules from transitioning into a gaseous state. This is the concept of superheated water.

Role of Water in the Frasch Process

In the Frasch process, superheated water is sent down the outermost pipe into the sulfur deposit. The purpose of this is to melt the sulfur, which has a lower melting point than water's boiling point. The melted sulfur can then be easily extracted, as it is less dense than water and flows up a second pipe due to the pressure of the water.

Hazards of Traditional Sulfur Mining

Excavating a mine and digging for sulfur can be dangerous due to several reasons. The digging process can lead to underground instability and potential cave-ins. Moreover, sulfur in its gas form - hydrogen sulfide is highly toxic and can be fatal if inhaled. Lastly, due to sulfur's ability to catch fire, any spark or open flame can lead to disastrous explosions.

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Consider the Frasch process. (a) How is it possible to heat water well above \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) without turning it into steam? (b) Why is water sent down the outermost pipe? (c) Why would excavating a mine and digging for sulfur be a dangerous procedure for obtaining the element?

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Understanding Superheated Water

Role of Water in the Frasch Process

Hazards of Traditional Sulfur Mining

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