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Chapter 23: Problem 73

Draw qualitative diagrams for the crystal field splittings in (a) a linear complex ion \(\mathrm{ML}_{2}\), (b) a trigonalplanar complex ion \(\mathrm{ML}_{3}\), (c) a trigonal-bipyramidal complex ion ML_{5. }

Short Answer

Expert verified
The diagrams for the crystal field splitting for a linear ML2 complex have two energy levels: the higher one includes the d(xz), d(yz) d orbitals and the lower one includes the d(xy), d(x2-y2) , and d(z2) orbitals. For a trigonal planar ML3 complex, the split is similar but the lower energy level is split into two for d(xy), d(x2-y2) , and d(z2) orbitals. For a trigonal bipyramidal ML5 complex, the split is into three levels for d(z2) (highest energy), d(xz), d(yz) (intermediate energy), and d(x2-y2), and d(xy) (lowest energy).

Step by step solution

01

- Crystal Field Splitting of Linear Complex Ion (ML2)

A linear complex ion has two ligands placed linearly. The d orbitals split into two groups in a linear crystal field, each having two and three d orbitals in terms of energy level. Draw two horizontal lines: an upper one for the higher energy level including d(xz), d(yz) d orbitals, and a lower one for the lower energy level d(xy), d(x2-y2) , and d(z2) orbitals.
02

- Crystal Field Splitting of Trigonal Planar Complex Ion (ML3)

A trigonal planar complex ion has three ligands placed in a plane, forming a trigon. The d orbitals also splits into two groups, each having two and three d orbitals. Draw an upper line representing the higher energy level including d(xz), d(yz) d orbitals, and two lower lines representing two lower energy levels which are d(z2) and d(x2-y2), and d(xy) respectively.
03

- Crystal Field Splitting of Trigonal Bipyramidal Complex Ion (ML5)

A trigonal bipyramidal complex ion has five ligands placed in a trigonal bipyramidal manner. For this complex, the d orbitals will split into three energy levels. Draw three lines for d(z2) (highest energy), d(xz), d(yz) (intermediate energy), and d(x2-y2), and d(xy) (lowest energy) respectively.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Complete the following statements for the complex ion \(\left[\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)_{2}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{2}\right]^{-}:\) (a) The oxidation number of Cr is _____ (b) The coordination number of Cr is _____ . (c)_____ is a bidentate ligand.

Write the formulas for each of the following ions and compounds: (a) tetrahydroxozincate(II), (b) pentaaquachlorochromium(III) chloride, (c) tetrabromocuprate(II), (d) ethylenediaminetetraacet atoferrate(II).

Predict the number of unpaired electrons in the following complex ions: (a) \(\left[\mathrm{Cr}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}\right]^{4-},(\mathrm{b})\left[\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{6}\right]^{2+}\)

Define the terms (a) labile complex, (b) inert complex.

A student has prepared a cobalt complex that has one of the following three structures: \(\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{6}\right]\) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{3},\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{5} \mathrm{Cl}\right] \mathrm{Cl}_{2},\) or \(\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right] \mathrm{Cl} .\) Explain how the student would distinguish between these possibilities by an electrical conductance experiment. At the student's disposal are three strong electrolytes \(-\mathrm{NaCl}, \mathrm{MgCl}_{2},\) and \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{3}-\) which may be used for comparison purposes.
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