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Chapter 24: Problem 10

Give examples of a chiral substituted alkane and an achiral substituted alkane.

Short Answer

Expert verified
An example of a chiral substituted alkane is 2-bromobutane as it has a carbon atom bonded to four different groups. An example of an achiral substituted alkane is 2,3-dibromobutane, which, despite having a carbon atom with four different groups attached, lacks the necessary asymmetry to be chiral.

Step by step solution

01

Determine a Chiral Substituted Alkane

A chiral substituted alkane must have a carbon atom with four different groups attached to it. An example of such a substituted alkane is 2-bromobutane. In this compound, one carbon atom is bonded to four different groups: a hydrogen atom, a bromine atom, a methyl group (CH3), and an ethyl group (C2H5).
02

Determine an Achiral Substituted Alkane

An achiral substituted alkane is identical to its mirror image. An example of this is 2,3-dibromobutane. The second carbon atom in this compound, while it has four different groups attached (a hydrogen atom, a bromine atom, a methyl group CH3, and a propyl group C3H7), it lacks the asymmetry, making it achiral as it has a plane of symmetry.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is Markovnikov's rule?

Under conditions of acid catalysis, alkenes react with water to form alcohols. As in the case with hydrogen halides, the addition reaction in the formation of alcohols is also governed by Markovnikov's rule. An alkene of approximate molar mass of \(42 \mathrm{~g}\) reacts with water and sulfuric acid to produce a compound that reacts with acidic potassium dichromate solution to produce a ketone. Identify all the compounds in the preceding steps.

Draw structures for molecules with the following formulas: (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{4} \mathrm{O}\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{2}\)

A compound having the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\) does not react with sodium metal. In the presence of light, the compound reacts with \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) to form three compounds having the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{OCl}\). Draw a structure for the original compound that is consistent with this information.

Would you expect cyclobutadiene to be a stable molecule? Explain.
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