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Chapter 24: Problem 11

Draw all possible structural isomers for the following alkane: \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{16}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The nine possible structural isomers are: Heptane; 2-Methylhexane; 3-Methylhexane; 2,2-Dimethylpentane; 2,3-Dimethylpentane; 2,4-Dimethylpentane; 3,3-Dimethylpentane; 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane; and 3-Ethylpentane.

Step by step solution

01

Begin Linear Chain

Starting with a basic linear chain of 7 carbons. This is the first isomer, called heptane. Use single bonds to link all the carbon (C) atoms and saturate remaining valencies with hydrogen atoms (H). This should look like a line straight with no branchings.
02

Start Branching

Begin branching off the main straight chain. Start from the second carbon atom from either end (carbon cannot form a branch by itself). Shift one carbon from the main backbone to form a branch or a 'methyl group'. This gives 2-methylhexane.
03

More Branching and Complexity

Continue forming isomers by moving the branching point, the methyl group to different positions along the backbone. We can also branch at the third carbon atom, leading to 3-methylhexane.
04

Multibranch Possibility

Exploring multi-branch possibilities is also necessary. Take two carbons off the original backbone and create two different branches. This gives 2,2-dimethylpentane and 2,3-dimethylpentane.
05

Creating More Variations

Finally, consider variations by taking three carbons off the long chain and forming different branches. This yields, for example, 2,2,3-trimethylbutane.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

State which member of each of the following pairs of compounds is the more reactive and explain why: (a) propane and cyclopropane, (b) ethylene and methane, (c) acetaldehyde and acetone.

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