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Chapter 24: Problem 17

Draw the structures of \(c i s-2\) -butene and trans-2- butene. Which of the two compounds would have the higher heat of hydrogenation? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
In the Skeletal structure of these compounds, hydrogen atoms in cis-2-butene are on the same side, thereby creating some steric hindrance. While in the case of trans-2-butene, hydrogen atoms are on opposite sides, resulting in less steric hindrance. Because of this, cis-2-butene has a higher energy state, hence it result in a higher heat of hydrogenation compared to trans-2-butene.

Step by step solution

01

Drawing the structures

Draw the atomic structure for both cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene. The structures are similar, with the difference lying in the position of the hydrogen atoms next to the double bond. In cis-2-butene, the hydrogen atoms are on the same side of the molecule. In trans-2-butene, the hydrogen atoms are on opposite sides of the molecule.
02

Understanding Heat of Hydrogenation

Heat of hydrogenation refers to the heat energy released when a substance undergoes hydrogenation. This process involves the addition of hydrogen (H2) to a molecule, often with the involvement of a catalyst.
03

Comparing the Heat of Hydrogenation

Normally, the cis form of a compound has more steric hindrance. More energy is required to convert these molecules into their staggered form. Therefore, cis-2-butene is expected to have a higher heat of hydrogenation compared to its trans counterpart.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Complete the following equation and identify the products: $$ \mathrm{HCOOH}+\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH} \longrightarrow $$

The compound \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) is hydrogenated to an alkene using platinum as the catalyst. Predict whether the product is the pure trans isomer, the pure cis isomer, or a mixture of cis and trans isomers. Based on your prediction, comment on the mechanism of the heterogeneous catalysis.

A compound having the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\) does not react with sodium metal. In the presence of light, the compound reacts with \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) to form three compounds having the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{OCl}\). Draw a structure for the original compound that is consistent with this information.

The combustion of \(3.795 \mathrm{mg}\) of liquid \(\mathrm{B},\) which contains only \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H},\) and \(\mathrm{O},\) with excess oxygen gave \(9.708 \mathrm{mg}\) of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(3.969 \mathrm{mg}\) of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} .\) In a molar mass determination, \(0.205 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{B}\) vaporized at 1.00 atm and \(200.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and occupied a volume of \(89.8 \mathrm{~mL}\). Derive the empirical formula, molar mass, and molecular formula of \(\mathrm{B}\) and draw three plausible structures.

Write structural formulas for the following compounds: (a) trans-2-pentene, (b) 2 -ethyl-1-butene, (c) 4 -ethyl-trans- 2 -heptene, (d) 3 -phenyl-butyne.
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