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Chapter 3: Problem 100

Write balanced equations for the following reactions described in words. (a) Pentane burns in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. (b) Sodium bicarbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form carbon dioxide, sodium chloride, and water. (c) When heated in an atmosphere of nitrogen, lithium forms lithium nitride. (d) Phosphorus trichloride reacts with water to form phosphorus acid and hydrogen chloride. (e) Copper(II) oxide heated with ammonia will form copper, nitrogen gas, and water.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The balanced equations are \n(a) \(C5H12 + 8O2 \rightarrow 5CO2 + 6H2O\) \n(b) \(NaHCO3 + HCl \rightarrow NaCl + CO2 + H2O\) \n(c) \(6Li + N2 \rightarrow 2Li3N\) \n(d) \(PCl3 + 3H2O \rightarrow H3PO3 + 3HCl\) \n(e) \(3CuO + 2NH3 \rightarrow 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O\)

Step by step solution

01

- Formation of Carbon Dioxide and Water from Pentane and Oxygen

Firstly, write down the reactants and products. Pentane burns in oxygen, which indicates that pentane (C5H12) and oxygen (O2) are the reactants, forming carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) as products. Now, this equation needs to be balanced: \[ C5H12 + O2 \rightarrow CO2 + H2O \]. The balanced equation becomes \[ C5H12 + 8O2 \rightarrow 5CO2 + 6H2O \]
02

- Sodium bicarbonate reacts with Hydrochloric acid

Secondly, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to give sodium chloride (NaCl), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Initially write the unbalanced equation: \[ NaHCO3 + HCl \rightarrow NaCl + CO2 + H2O \]. The correctly balanced equation will be \[ NaHCO3 + HCl \rightarrow NaCl + CO2 + H2O \]. The equation is already balanced.
03

- Formation of Lithium Nitride from Lithium and Nitrogen

Step three involves the heating Lithium (Li) in an atmosphere of nitrogen (N2) to produce lithium nitride (Li3N). The unbalanced equation is \[ Li + N2 \rightarrow Li3N \]. After balancing, we get \[ 6Li + N2 \rightarrow 2Li3N \].
04

- Phosphorus trichloride reacts with Water

Fourthly, phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) reacts with water (H2O) to produce phosphorus acid (H3PO3) and hydrogen chloride (HCl). The unbalanced equation is \[ PCl3 + H2O \rightarrow H3PO3 + HCl \]. After balancing, this becomes \[ PCl3 + 3H2O \rightarrow H3PO3 + 3HCl \].
05

- Heating Copper(II) Oxide with Ammonia

Finally, Copper(II) oxide (CuO) is heated with ammonia (NH3) to produce copper (Cu), nitrogen gas (N2), and water (H2O). Initially, the unbalanced equation is \[ CuO + NH3 \rightarrow Cu + N2 + H2O \]. The balanced equation becomes \[ 3CuO + 2NH3 \rightarrow 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O \].

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Disulfide dichloride \(\left(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right)\) is used in the vulcanization of rubber, a process that prevents the slippage of rubber molecules past one another when stretched. It is prepared by heating sulfur in an atmosphere of chlorine:$$\mathrm{S}_{8}(l)+4 \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 4 \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(l)$$What is the theoretical yield of \(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) in grams when \(4.06 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{S}_{8}\) are heated with \(6.24 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} ?\) If the actual yield of \(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) is \(6.55 \mathrm{~g}\), what is the percent yield?

The aluminum sulfate hydrate \(\left[\mathrm{Al}_{2}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{3} \cdot x \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right]\)contains 8.10 percent \(\mathrm{Al}\) by mass. Calculate \(x-\) that is, the number of water molecules associated with each \(\mathrm{Al}_{2}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{3}\) unit.

When \(0.273 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{Mg}\) is heated strongly in a nitrogen \(\left(\mathrm{N}_{2}\right)\) atmosphere, a chemical reaction occurs. The product of the reaction weighs 0.378 g. Calculate the empirical formula of the compound containing \(\mathrm{Mg}\) and \(\mathrm{N}\). Name the compound.

If chlorine bleach is mixed with other cleaning products containing ammonia, the toxic gas \(\mathrm{NCl}_{3}(g)\) can form according to the equation $$3 \mathrm{NaClO}(a q)+\mathrm{NH}_{3}(a q) \longrightarrow 3 \mathrm{NaOH}(a q)+\mathrm{NCl}_{3}(g)$$ When \(2.94 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) reacts with an excess of \(\mathrm{NaClO}\) according to the preceding reaction, how many grams of \(\mathrm{NCl}_{3}\) are formed?

Ammonia and sulfuric acid react to form ammonium sulfate. (a) Write an equation for the reaction. (b) Determine the starting mass (in grams) of each reactant if \(20.3 \mathrm{~g}\) of ammonium sulfate is produced and \(5.89 \mathrm{~g}\) of sulfuric acid remains unreacted.
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