In the formation of carbon monoxide, CO, it is found that \(2.445 \mathrm{~g}\) of carbon combine with \(3.257 \mathrm{~g}\) of oxygen. What is the atomic mass of oxygen if the atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 amu?

Stoichiometry is the section of chemistry that involves the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions. It's a kind of 'recipe' that tells you how much of each substance is needed or produced. The stoichiometry of a reaction is derived from the balanced chemical equation, showcasing the relationship between the amounts of reactants and products.

For instance, in the given exercise, the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) shows a 1:1 stoichiometry between carbon (C) and oxygen (O); meaning for every atom of carbon, you need one atom of oxygen to form a molecule of CO. When solving stoichiometric problems, the first step is often to balance the chemical equation and then use conversion factors, such as the mole ratio, to solve for unknown quantities.

The mole concept is a fundamental aspect of chemistry that enables chemists to count atoms, molecules, and ions by weighing. A mole is defined as the amount of substance that contains as many entities (atoms, molecules, or ions) as there are atoms in 12 grams of pure carbon-12. This number is known as Avogadro's number and is approximately equal to \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\).

In the context of the given exercise, this concept allows us to convert between the mass of a substance and the number of moles present. By knowing the molar mass of carbon (12.01 amu or g/mol in this case), we can calculate the number of moles of carbon involved in the reaction, which in turn will tell us how many moles of oxygen are required considering the 1:1 ratio.

The atomic mass unit (amu) is a standard unit of mass that quantifies mass on an atomic or molecular scale. It is defined as one-twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom, making it a relative scale to compare the masses of different atoms and molecules. One amu is equivalent to \(1.660539 \times 10^{-24}\) grams.

To answer the exercise, we use the known atomic mass of carbon (12.01 amu) as a reference to find the atomic mass of oxygen. In real-world applications, the atomic masses of elements are used to calculate the molar masses of compounds, and these values are critical when performing stoichiometric calculations.

A chemical reaction involves the transformation of one or more substances into one or more new substances. Reactions are governed by the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Thus, the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.

In the exercise, we explore the reaction in which carbon (C) reacts with oxygen (O) to form carbon monoxide (CO). We use the stoichiometry of the reaction and the concept of moles to deduce the atomic mass of oxygen given the mass of each reactant. Understanding chemical reactions is not only crucial for solving stoichiometric problems but also for predicting the outcomes of reactions and for the synthesis of new materials.